Eye Infections (Updated) | Clinical Medicine

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Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture, Professor Zach Murphy will present on Eye Infections. We will begin by examining the pathophysiology of common eyelid and lacrimal system infections, including dacryocystitis, hordeolum, and blepharitis, with a focus on how obstruction and bacterial overgrowth contribute to localized inflammation.

We will then transition into conjunctival infections, comparing bacterial and viral conjunctivitis and highlighting key organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, adenovirus, as well as high-stakes causes such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. From there, we will build into corneal infections, including bacterial keratitis, HSV keratitis, and VZV keratitis, focusing on classic fluorescein staining patterns like dendritic lesions and pseudodendrites, along with the clinical clues that point to sight-threatening disease.

Next, we will cover periorbital and orbital infections, distinguishing between preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis using red flag findings, such as pain with eye movements, proptosis, restricted extraocular movements, and decreased visual acuity. We will also discuss endophthalmitis, especially in the setting of recent ocular surgery or penetrating trauma, and why rapid recognition is critical to preserving vision.

Finally, we will walk through a practical diagnostic and management approach, including when to obtain cultures or NAAT testing, when slit lamp and fluorescein staining are necessary, and when CT or MRI imaging of the orbits and sinuses is required. We will close by reviewing serious complications like cavernous sinus thrombosis and vision loss, and the treatments used to prevent irreversible outcomes.

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Table of Contents:
0:00 Lab
1:01 Pathophysiology and Causes of Eye Infections
57:03 Lid and Lacrimal Infections
58:50 Conjunctival Infections
1:03:03 Corneal Infections
1:05:29 Periorbital/Orbital Infections
1:07:35 Intraocular Infections
1:10:23 Complications of Eye Infections
1:30:08 Diagnostic Approach to Eye Infections
1:52:52 Treatment of Eye Infections
2:05:08 Comment, Like, SUBSCRIBE!

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