Normality Equation for titrations and dilution |

Описание: Here are the normality equations commonly used in titration and dilution. These are standard relationships in analytical chemistry.
In any acid–base or redox titration, the relationship is:

N₁V₁ = N₂V₂

Where:

N₁ = Normality of the titrant

V₁ = Volume of the titrant

N₂ = Normality of the analyte (unknown)

V₂ = Volume of the analyte

This comes from the principle:

Equivalents of acid = Equivalents of base
(Normality × Volume)acid =(Normality × Volume)base
(Normality × Volume)acid =(Normality × Volume)base

When a solution is diluted (no change in number of equivalents):

N₁V₁ = N₂V₂

Where:

N₁ = Normality of the concentrated solution

V₁ = Volume of the concentrated solution

N₂ = Normality after dilution

V₂ = Final total volume after dilution

This follows:

Initial equivalents=Final equivalents
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