Economic Significance of Igneous Rocks | Geography for UPSC | Minerals, Soil & Industrial Uses

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In this lecture, we discuss the economic and geographical significance of igneous rocks, explaining how geological features directly support human society, industry, agriculture, and infrastructure. This topic is extremely important for UPSC Prelims, GS-I Geography, and other competitive exams.

🔹 Why Igneous Rocks Are Economically Important:

Igneous rocks originate from magma deep inside the Earth, which means they contain minerals in their purest form. Because of this origin, they play a vital role in economic geography.

🔹 Mineral Resources from Igneous Rocks:

Igneous rocks are rich sources of metallic and non-metallic minerals, such as:

Iron

Copper

Tin

Nickel

Gold

Platinum

Diamond

➡️ These minerals form the backbone of mining, metallurgy, and industrial development.

🔹 Construction & Infrastructure Uses:

Granite → Used in buildings, monuments, flooring

Basalt → Extremely hard; used for:

Road construction

Railway ballast

Cement industry

Hard igneous rocks provide durability and strength to infrastructure

🔹 Industrial Applications:

Mica → Used as an abrasive and in electrical industries

Basalt → Raw material for cement manufacturing

Igneous rocks supply essential industrial raw materials

🔹 Formation of Fertile Black Soil:

Igneous rocks, especially basalt, undergo:

Weathering

Erosion

Deposition (due to endogenetic & exogenetic forces)

This process leads to the formation of black soil (Regur soil)

➡️ Black soil is highly fertile and ideal for cotton cultivation

🔹 Precious & Semi-Precious Gems:

Igneous rocks also host valuable gemstones like:

Garnet

Zircon

Peridot

➡️ These contribute to the gem and jewellery industry

🔹 Overall Economic Importance of Igneous Rocks:

Igneous rocks:

Provide metallic mineral deposits

Supply construction materials

Act as industrial raw materials

Help in soil formation for agriculture

Contain precious gemstones

➡️ Hence, igneous rocks are a key link between physical geography and economic development.

🔹 What’s Next:

In the upcoming session:

Sedimentary rocks

Metamorphic rocks

Previous year UPSC questions from rocks & minerals

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