Indus Valley Civilization Explained | Origin, Time Period & Theories | Ancient Indian History

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In this video, we discuss the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization), one of the most important topics in Ancient Indian History for UPSC, State PSC, and other competitive exams.

📌 Chronological Background

The Indus Valley Civilization developed during the Chalcolithic Period (Copper Age), roughly between 3300 BCE and 1800 BCE. Since people used bronze (an alloy of copper), it is also considered a Bronze Age Civilization.

📌 Why is it called Harappan Civilization?

The civilization is called:

Harappan Civilization – because Harappa was the first site discovered

Indus Valley Civilization – as most sites are located along the Indus River and its tributaries

📌 Agriculture and Origin of Civilization

Agriculture is the backbone of any civilization. With the development of agriculture during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic phases, humans gradually shifted:

From hilly regions → plains

Towards river valleys for water availability

Later to coastal areas for maritime trade

Surplus agricultural production led to trade, urban growth, and civilizational development.

📌 Theories of Origin of Indus Valley Civilization

🔹 Indigenous Theory
The civilization developed indigenously within the Indian subcontinent.

🔹 Diffusion Theory
The civilization developed due to migration or cultural diffusion from Mesopotamia.

📌 Most accepted theory: Indigenous Theory, as IVC shows clear cultural and structural differences from Mesopotamian civilization.

📌 Important Archaeological Sites

Mehrgarh – Neolithic agricultural site (Pakistan)

Amri & Kot Diji – Early Harappan sites

Kalibangan – Rajasthan

Lothal – Gujarat (Port city, coastal trade center)

📌 Why this video is important?

Covers conceptual clarity

Highly useful for MCQs and prelims

Strong foundation for answer writing

Ideal for Ancient History revision

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