Biochemistry Chapter 3 | Connective Tissue: Collagen, EDS, OI, Menkes & Marfan

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Master the high-yield connective tissue concepts tested on USMLE Step 1. Dr. Paige reviews collagen structure, key collagen types, collagen synthesis steps, and the classic disease associations that show up in Step 1 board-style vignettes.

In this video, you’ll learn:
• Collagen types:
Type I (bone/skin/tendon) → osteogenesis imperfecta
Type III (reticulin; vessels/uterus; early wound repair) → vascular EDS
Type V (skin) → classical EDS
Type IV (basement membrane) → Alport / Goodpasture
Type VII (anchoring fibrils) → epidermolysis bullosa
• Collagen structure: Gly–X–Y repeats (glycine, proline, lysine) → triple helix → fibrils
• Wound healing: Type III → I remodeling + MMPs require zinc
• Collagen synthesis: hydroxylation (vitamin C) + cross-linking (lysyl oxidase requires copper)
• Key disorders: OI, EDS subtypes, Menkes (ATP7A), Marfan (FBN1), homocystinuria vs Marfan lens clues
• Elastin: fibrillin cross-linking + α1-antitrypsin/elastase tie-in

⏱️ Timestamps
0:00 – Bootcamp intro
0:41 – Chapter roadmap
1:17 – Collagen basics + ECM role
2:16 – Collagen types overview (I/II/III/V, IV, VII)
2:56 – Type I (bone/skin) → OI concept
5:34 – Type II (cartilage)
6:13 – Type III (reticulin) → vascular EDS
7:03 – Type V → classical EDS
7:52 – Type IV → Alport/Goodpasture
8:36 – Type VII → epidermolysis bullosa
9:39 – Collagen structure (α-chains → triple helix)
14:27 – Wound healing: Type III → Type I + MMPs need zinc
17:02 – Alport vignette recap

18:52 – Collagen synthesis overview
22:55 – Hydroxylation needs vitamin C
24:34 – Triple helix defect → OI
27:03 – Procollagen peptidase → tropocollagen (EDS)
29:28 – Lysyl oxidase cross-linking needs copper (Menkes)

32:23 – Osteogenesis imperfecta summary
42:24 – Ehlers-Danlos (subtypes + vascular complications)
55:18 – Menkes (ATP7A, low copper/ceruloplasmin, kinky hair)
1:06:45 – Elastin/fibrillin → Marfan
1:15:12 – Marfan: aortic disease + lens up & out
1:19:01 – Homocystinuria vs Marfan (lens down & in)
1:24:48 – Practice question: copper/lysyl oxidase link

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connective tissue, collagen types, collagen synthesis, collagen hydroxylation vitamin C, lysyl oxidase copper, collagen cross linking, osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, vascular EDS, classical EDS, Alport syndrome type IV collagen, Goodpasture syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa type VII collagen, wound healing collagen type III to type I, MMP zinc wound healing, Menkes disease ATP7A, copper deficiency collagen, Marfan syndrome fibrillin FBN1, elastin fibrillin, homocystinuria lens down and in, Marfan lens up and out, alpha 1 antitrypsin elastase emphysema, USMLE Step 1 biochemistry, med school connective tissue disorders