SIGN CONVENTION FOR SPHERICAL LENSES

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Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses:
The New Cartesian Sign Conventions for measuring various distances or heights in case of lenses are similar to the one used for spherical mirrors.
All the distances in lenses are measured from the optical centre of the lens.
According to the convention, the focal length of a convex lens is positive and that of a concave lens is negative.
According to the New Cartesian sign conventions:
The optical center (O) of the lens is taken as the origin. The principal axis of the lens is taken as the x-axis (XdashX) of the coordinate system.
• The object is always placed to the left side of the lens and light is incident on the lens from the left to the right.
• All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the optical center of the lenses.
• All the distances measured to the right of the optical center (along plus x-axis) are taken as positive while those measured to the left of the optical center (along minus x-axis) are taken as negative.
• The height measured upwards perpendicular to the principal axis (along plus y-axis) of the lens is taken as positive.
The height measured downwards perpendicular to the principal axis (along minus y-axis) of the lens is taken as negative.