REPRESENTATION OF IMAGES FORMED BY SPHERICAL MIRRORS USING RAY DIAGRAMS

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The intersection of at least two reflected rays gives the position of image of the point object. Any two of the following rays can be considered for locating the image.
(i) A ray parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, will pass through the principal focus in case of a concave mirror or appear to diverge from the principal focus in case of a convex mirror. As shown in video.
(ii) A ray passing through the principal focus of a concave mirror or a ray which is directed towards the principal focus of a convex mirror, after reflection, will emerge parallel to the principal axis. As shown in video.
(iii) A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror or directed in the direction of the centre of curvature of a convex mirror, after reflection, is reflected back along the same path.
This is shown in video. The light rays come back along the same path because the incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to the reflecting surface.
(iv) A ray of light which strikes the mirror at its pole gets reflected according to the law of reflection
The incident and reflected rays follow the laws of reflection at the point of incidence (point P), making equal angles with the principal axis.
(a) Image formation by Concave Mirror:
The video illustrates the ray diagrams for the formation of image by a concave mirror for various positions of the object.
i) When the object is at infinity the image is formed at the focus, it is highly diminished, real and inverted.
ii) When the object is beyond C, the image is formed between C and F, it is diminished, real and inverted.
iii) When the object is at C, the image is formed at C; it is same size as the object, real and inverted.
iv) When the object is between C and F, the image is formed beyond C, it is enlarged, real and inverted.
v) When the object is at F, the image is formed at infinity; it is highly enlarged, real and inverted.
vi) When the object is between F and P, the image is formed behind the mirror; it is enlarged, virtual and erect.
(b) Image formation by a Convex Mirror: We studied the image formation by a concave mirror. Now we shall study the formation of image by a convex mirror.
We consider two positions of the object for studying the image formed by a convex mirror.
i) When the object is at infinity, the image is formed at F behind the mirror; it is highly diminished, virtual and erect.
ii) When the object is between infinity and pole, the image is formed behind the mirror; it is diminished, virtual and erect.