Cardiac Glycoside Containing Drug (Part 01) = Digitalis 01(Source, Description, Chemicals and Uses)

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Introduction to Cardiac Glycoside in Hindi by Solution Pharmacy    • Cardiac Glycosides | Introduction to Cardi...  

DIGITALIS
Biological source:
Digitalis consists of dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea Linn. After collection leaves are dried immediately at temperature below 60 C and they contain no more than 5% moisture. After drying leaves are stored in moisture proof container.
Family Scrophulariaceae

Macroscopical characters:
General appearance: Usually broken and crimped.
Shape: Ovate-lanceolate.
Size: 10 to 40-cm. Long and 4 to 10 cm.
Wide Margin: Crenate or dentate
Apex: obtuse or rounded
Digitalis purpurea contains 35 glycosides:
1. The primary glycosides are purpurea glycosides A and B.
2. It also contains Odoroside H, glucogitaloxin.
3. Verodoxin and glucoverodoxin.
4. The digitoxigenin, Digitoxin, Gitoxigenin, gitaloxin are also important medicinal compounds. They are also called secondary glycosides.
5. They contain anthraquinones derivatives like digitolutin, methoxy-2 methyl anthraquinones, etc
6. Contains saponin, flavonoids.
7. Tannins and pectin

Chemical tests:
1. Raymond’s test:
To the drug, add a few ml of 50% ethanol and 0.1 ml of 1 % solution of m- dinitrobenzene in ethanol. To this solution, add 2-3 drops of 20% sodium hydroxide solution. Violet colours appears, this is due to presence of active methylene group.
2. Legal test:
To the drug, add few ml of pyridine and 2drops of nitroprusside and a drop of 20% sodium hydroxide solution. A deep red colour is produced.
3. Killer killiani test:
Glycoside is dissolved in a mixture of 1 % ferric sulphate solution in (5%) glacial acetic acid. Add one or two drop of concentrated sulphuric acid. A blue colour develops due to the presence of deoxy sugar.
Xanthydrol test:
The crude is heated with 0.1 to 5% solution of Xanthydrol in glacial acetic acid containing 1% hydrochloric acid. A red colour is produced due to the presence of 2-deoxysugar.
4. Baljet test:
Take a piece of lamina or thick section of the leaf and add sodium picrate reagent. If glycoside is present yellow to orange colour will be seen.

Uses:
1. Cardiotonic.
2. Used in various forms like tablets or capsules in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure, atrial flutter, trial fibrillation and peroxymal atrial tachycardia.
3. Diuretic in cardiac edema.

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