Resin Containing Drug (Part 02) = Colophony (Biological Source, Preparation Method, Chemicals & Use)

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Colophony
Colophony (rosin) is the resin remaining in the still after removal of the volatile turpentine oil from the oleoresin of species of Pinus (see Turpentine Oil). Generally, the resin obtained from trees during their first year of tapping is of a lighter colour than that obtained subsequently.

Characters. The colophony is translucent glassy masses of a pale yellow or amber colour. It is brittle and easily powdered. Colophony is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene and carbon disulphide.

Chemical tests
1. Dissolve about 0.1 g of powdered resin in 10 ml of acetic anhydride. Add one drop of sulphuric acid on a glass rod. On adding the acid a purple colour, rapidly changing to violet, is produced.
2. Shake a little powdered colophony with light petroleum and filter. Shake the solution with about twice its volume of dilute solution of copper acetate. The petroleum layer becomes emerald-green in colour, a change which is due to the formation of
the copper salt of abietic acid.

Constituents. Colophony contains resin acids (about 90%), neutral inert substances formerly known as resenes and esters of fatty acids. The resin acids are isomeric diterpene acids. Before distillation the resin contains large amounts of (+)- and (−)-pimaric acids. During distillation the (+)-pimaric acid is stable but the (−)-pimaric acid undergoes isomeric change into abietic acid, the major constituent of the commercial resin (see formula, p. 264). The commercial ‘abietic acid’ is prepared by digesting colophony with weak alcohol.

Uses. The amount of colophony used in pharmacy for the preparation of zinc oxide and other adhesive plasters, ointments, etc., is relatively small. Much rosin is artificially modified by hydrogenation or polymerization; products involving its use include paper size, adhesives, printing inks, rubber, linoleum, thermoplastic floor tiles and surface coatings.

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