Ideal Gas Law - In & Out

Описание: If there were only one equation we needed to learn to understand the fundamentals of industrial vacuum it would be the ideal gas law. It's a beautifully simple description of the relationship between different properties of a sample of gas.

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⦿ 00:25 The 1st step - Robert Boyle

⦿ 01:13 The 2nd relationship - Jacques Charles

⦿ 01:44 The Gay-Lussac law

⦿ 02:14 The Ideal Gas Law

The law took a long time to formulate and its implications can require some deep thought to process. The first step was made in 1662 by a Scottish engineer named Robert Boyle. He understood that if you apply pressure to a gas the volume reduces in a constant relationship and if you think about the word compression it's striking how we've coded that physical relationship into our language. Compression means to to apply pressure or squeeze something so that it becomes compressed while smaller.

What Boyle realized was there is a direct mathematical relationship between pressure and volume. So if we increase the volume of a chamber to double its original size, the pressure will half and by the same token if I double the force or pressure on a piston the gas in a vessel will compress to half of the original volume.

It took 100 years before a French physicist Jacques Charles derived the second relationship this time realizing that a gas will expand and contract by a fixed amount relative to the heat energy it contains so that hotter gases occupy bigger volumes. The relationship is linear so that if I double the absolute temperature of a gas it will expand to double its original size or if I cool the gas by half its volume will reduce accordingly.

At the beginning of the 19th century, another French scientist pulled these discoveries together, Louis Gay-Lussac. The Gay-Lussac law related for the first time the three variants - pressure, volume, and temperature. At around the same time, his contemporary Italian Amedeo Avogadro had been working to prove that for equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of pressure and temperature all samples contain exactly the same number of molecules.

In 1834, a full 170 years after Boyle published his law relating pressure and volume, the chemist Benoît Clapeyron finally drew the work of Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac, and Avogadro together to form an equation which comprehensively describes the state of gases. The ideal gas law PV=nRT relates pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas to the number of molecules contained in a sample so that if we know the makeup of the gas and the molecular weight we can easily calculate the total mass.

For those working in compressors and vacuum equipment, the ideal gas law is the bedrock of understanding gas flow and therefore product selection as it applies to industrial applications.


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