3. Nephron Structure & Function | Renal Physiology for NEET PG, FMGE, USMLE, NEXT, INICET

Описание: 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊
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Nephron Structure & Function | Renal Physiology for NEET PG, FMGE, USMLE, NEXT, INICET

The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney 🧠🩺, with each kidney housing approximately 1 to 1.5 million nephrons. It is specialized for filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and urine formation 💦. A nephron is composed of two main parts — the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus (a tuft of capillaries) and Bowman’s capsule, where ultrafiltration of plasma begins under hydrostatic pressure. The filtrate then enters the renal tubule, which includes the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) responsible for reabsorbing ~65–70% of filtered Na⁺, glucose, amino acids, and water 🧂💧, the loop of Henle (with descending limb permeable to water and ascending limb impermeable to water but active in salt transport), the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) which fine-tunes electrolyte balance, and the collecting duct, which concentrates urine under the influence of ADH (vasopressin) and aldosterone 🧪. Nephrons are classified into cortical (85%) and juxtamedullary (15%) types — the latter being crucial for creating the medullary concentration gradient via the countercurrent mechanism 🔁. The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), formed at the point where the DCT comes close to the glomerulus, plays a key role in blood pressure regulation via renin secretion. Mastery of nephron anatomy and physiology is essential to decode renal disorders, interpret lab results, and solve integrated MCQs in NEET PG, FMGE, USMLE, and MBBS exams 🎯📖.

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