2. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System 🧠 | Renal Physiology for NEET PG, FMGE, USMLE, NEXT, INICET

Описание: 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊
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Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System 🧠 | Renal Physiology for NEET PG, FMGE, USMLE, NEXT, INICET

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a vital hormonal cascade responsible for regulating blood pressure 🩸, extracellular fluid volume 💧, and sodium-potassium balance ⚖️. It begins when juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the afferent arteriole in the nephron sense low renal perfusion pressure, sympathetic activation (β1-receptors), or low sodium levels at the macula densa, triggering the release of renin 🔁. Renin acts on angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) to form angiotensin I, which is converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs to angiotensin II 🧬—a potent vasoconstrictor that increases systemic vascular resistance and stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa). Aldosterone then acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to enhance Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ excretion, leading to water retention 💦 and increased intravascular volume, thereby restoring blood pressure. RAAS is tightly regulated and clinically significant in conditions like hypertension, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and renal artery stenosis. Pharmacological modulation using ACE inhibitors, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors, and aldosterone antagonists forms the cornerstone of therapy in such disorders. Understanding RAAS is key for solving case-based MCQs, interpreting fluid-electrolyte disorders, and mastering integrated clinical physiology 🧠📚.

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