DNA Replication | Complete process | English Subtitles | Lecture 7 | Dr. Muhammad Naveed

Описание: DNA Replication Process:
DNA replication is the fundamental process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. It's a crucial part of cell division, ensuring that each new cell receives an accurate and complete set of genetic information.

Here's a brief overview:

Steps in DNA Replication:
1. Initiation: Replication begins at specific sites on the DNA molecule called origins of replication. Proteins unwind and separate the double helix to form a replication bubble.

2. Elongation: Enzymes like DNA polymerase add new nucleotides to the exposed strands according to the base-pairing rules (A with T, C with G) using the existing DNA strands as templates. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in small fragments called Okazaki fragments.

3. Termination: The process continues until the entire DNA molecule is replicated. Once completed, specific enzymes help to terminate the replication process and ensure accuracy.

Key Players:
1. DNA Polymerase: Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
2. Helicase: Unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
3. Primase: Synthesizes RNA primers on the DNA strands, which provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.
4. Ligase: Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
Single-Strand Binding Proteins: Stabilize the unwound DNA strands, preventing them from re-forming into a double helix.

Accuracy and Proofreading:
DNA polymerase has proofreading abilities, reducing the error rate during replication. It can detect and correct mismatched base pairs that might occur during replication.

Importance:
Accurate DNA replication is crucial for cell division, growth, repair, and the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next.

Significance in Biology:
Understanding DNA replication has immense implications in various fields, including medicine, genetics, evolutionary biology, and biotechnology.

Overall, DNA replication is a highly regulated and intricate process essential for the survival and perpetuation of life.

About Dr. Muhammad Naveed
(HoD, Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore)

With distinction, Dr. Muhammad Naveed obtained a Ph.D. degree in Biotechnology (Genomics & Bioinformatics) from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. He has won Ph.D. indigenous & IRSIP scholarships from HEC. He has done Pre-Doc research at the University of Ghent, Belgium. HEC awarded him the best Ph.D. (IRSIP) Scholar of the Year in 2013 & QAU honored him as a “Distinguished Alumni” in 2017. He is doing research projects in Bioinformatics, Molecular Biotechnology and vaccine designing, and Drug designing against infectious diseases. He has supervised 90 MSc. and 78 MPhil. & 01 Ph.D. students. He has published 140 Research articles with 1106 impact factors, 5060 citations, 01 book, 03 book chapters, and filed 05 Patents. He was awarded the distinguished “Researcher of the Year” in 2016 (UoG) and 2018, 2019 & 2021 (UCP).

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