Post-Transcriptional Modifications | Capping | Splicing | Tailing | Lecture 11 | Dr. Muhammad Naveed

Описание: Post-Transcriptional Modifications:

Post-transcriptional modifications refer to the changes made to an RNA molecule after it has been transcribed from DNA but before it functions in the cell. These modifications are crucial for regulating gene expression, RNA stability, and the translation of genetic information into proteins. Here are some common post-transcriptional modifications:

1. 5' Capping: A modified guanine nucleotide is added to the 5' end of the mRNA molecule. This cap protects the mRNA from degradation and helps in the initiation of translation.

2. Polyadenylation: A tail consisting of multiple adenine nucleotides (poly-A tail) is added to the 3' end of the mRNA. This poly-A tail enhances mRNA stability and assists in the export of mRNA from the nucleus.

3. RNA Splicing: Introns (non-coding regions) are removed, and exons (coding regions) are joined together to form a mature mRNA molecule. This process is carried out by the spliceosome, a complex made of RNA and proteins.

4. RNA Editing: Alteration of nucleotide sequences in the RNA molecule. This can involve the insertion, deletion, or modification of nucleotides, resulting in changes to the mRNA sequence and potentially the encoded protein.

5. RNA Modifications: Chemical modifications of nucleotides within the RNA molecule, such as methylation or pseudouridylation. These modifications can affect RNA stability, structure, and interactions with other molecules.

6. Alternative Splicing: Different combinations of exons can be spliced together to generate multiple mRNA transcripts from a single gene. This allows for the production of different protein isoforms with varying functions.

7. RNA Folding and Structure: RNA molecules can adopt specific secondary and tertiary structures that affect their function, stability, and interactions with other molecules.

These modifications greatly expand the functional diversity of the genetic information encoded in the DNA, allowing for precise regulation of gene expression and contributing to the complexity of biological processes in cells..

About Dr. Muhammad Naveed
(HoD, Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore)

With distinction, Dr. Muhammad Naveed obtained a Ph.D. degree in Biotechnology (Genomics & Bioinformatics) from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. He has won Ph.D. indigenous & IRSIP scholarships from HEC. He has done Pre-Doc research at the University of Ghent, Belgium. HEC awarded him the best Ph.D. (IRSIP) Scholar of the Year in 2013 & QAU honored him as a “Distinguished Alumni” in 2017. He is doing research projects in Bioinformatics, Molecular Biotechnology and vaccine designing, and Drug designing against infectious diseases. He has supervised 90 MSc. and 78 MPhil. & 01 Ph.D. students. He has published 150 Research articles with 1120 impact factors, 5560 citations, 01 book, 06 book chapters, and filed 05 Patents. He was awarded the distinguished “Researcher of the Year” in 2016 (UoG) and 2018, 2019 & 2021 (UCP).

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