Cognitive Decline In Alzheimer’s Disease (Testo et al., 2025)

Описание: I. Introduction To Dementia And Alzheimer’s
Dementia impacts the ability to perform daily tasks.
It involves deficits in memory, language, and thinking.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia.
AD accounts for 60% to 80% of all dementia cases.
Age is the most significant risk factor for AD.
Dementia is not a normal part of the aging process.
Females are diagnosed with AD more often than males.

II. Cognition In Normal Aging
Normal aging involves distinct cognitive changes.
Processing speed typically declines with age.
Vocabulary and general knowledge often improve.
Normal aging does not prevent independent functioning.
Older adults may struggle with novel tasks.
Episodic memory may decline but remains functional.

III. Cognitive Decline In Alzheimer’s Disease
AD causes deficits beyond normal aging expectations.
A hallmark sign is a decline in episodic memory.
This includes forgetting recent conversations or events.
False memories may emerge in individuals with AD.
These deficits result from brain tissue atrophy.
Executive functioning is also significantly impaired.

IV. Stages Of Disease Progression
AD is a progressive disorder with distinct stages.
Preclinical AD shows biomarkers before symptoms.
Subjective cognitive decline may precede objective signs.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) shows measurable decline.
In MCI, daily functioning remains largely intact.
MCI due to AD increases the risk of dementia.

V. Clinical Stages Of Alzheimer’s
Mild AD requires assistance with complex tasks.
Executive function and planning abilities diminish.
Moderate AD requires help with basic acts like dressing.
Personality changes and confusion occur in moderate AD.
Severe AD requires round-the-clock care for survival.
Severe patients may lose the ability to communicate.

VI. Additional Resource Support
See NourishED RFI's NotebookLM Resource Support Page.
https://notebooklm.google.com/noteboo...

VII. Source
Testo, A. A., Roundy, G., & Dumas, J. A. (2025). Cognitive decline in
Alzheimer’s disease. In Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
(Vol. 69, pp. 181–195). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_527

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