NOR gate using two NPN transistors
Автор: Shantha c Mukartihal
Загружено: 2025-03-21
Просмотров: 79
Описание:
Apparatus Required:
2 x NPN Transistors (e.g., BC547)
2 x 1kΩ Resistors (for transistor bases)
1 x 220Ω Resistor (for LED current limiting)
1 x LED (for output indication)
1 x 5V DC Power Supply
2 x Push Buttons or Switches (for inputs)
Connecting Wires
Breadboard
Case 1: A = 0, B = 0 (Both switches open)
No base current to Q1 & Q2 → Both transistors OFF.
Pull-up resistor (R3) pulls Y HIGH (5V) → LED turns ON.
Case 2: A = 0, B = 1 (One switch closed)
Q1 OFF, Q2 ON → Q2 pulls Y LOW (0V).
LED turns OFF.
Case 3: A = 1, B = 0 (One switch closed)
Q1 ON, Q2 OFF → Q1 pulls Y LOW (0V).
LED turns OFF.
Case 4: A = 1, B = 1 (Both switches closed)
Both Q1 & Q2 turn ON → Y is pulled LOW (0V).
LED turns OFF.
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