Why Cu+ is Unstable? 🧪 The Mystery of Copper Disproportionation & Redox Reactions🔥

Описание: ⚡ Mastering Copper Chemistry: Oxidation States, Disproportionation & Medium Effects 🧪


Welcome to Subatomic Duo ! In this comprehensive lecture, we dive deep into the d-block chemistry of Copper (Cu). We don't just memorize reactions here—we track the movement of every single electron to understand why these transformations happen.


Whether you are preparing for IIT-JEE, NEET, or University exams, this video is your definitive guide to Copper’s redox behavior and its essential compounds.

Chapters:

0:00 - Introduction of Copper as an Element and it's oxidation states

04:03 - Introduction of Cu+ ( Color, electronic configuration)

07:54 - Stability Paradox ( Why Cu²+ is more stable in aqueous solution) [ Key Concept ] 🔥🔥🔥

10:34 - Thermodynamics of Cu+ ( Born Haber cycle of Cu+ )

18:00 - Thermodynamics of Cu²+ ( Born Haber cycle of Cu²+ )

22:40 - Thermodynamics of Disproportionation Reaction or Why Cu²+ is hightly stable in an aqueous solution and concept of " "hydration Energy "( Key Concept) 🔥🔥🔥

28:17 - How to stabilize Cu+ in Aqueous solution.

32:10 - How to destabilize Cu²+ in aqueous solution ( Concept of Lattice energy) 🔥🔥

39:35 - Comproportionation Reaction

42:55 - Why CuF does not exist?

47:21 - Why CuI does not exist?

49:50 - Stabilization of Cu+ in non aqueous solvents

51:15 - Reaction of Cu+ with Cyanide ion ( Formation of potassium tetracyano copper complex )

53:58 - Stabilization of Cu+ by complexation

55:15 - Complexation of Copper Sulfate with KCN

01:01:05 - Cyanogen gas ( Chemical warfare agent or Blood Agent ) 🔥🔥

01:02:40 - Cellular Respiration 🔥

01:05:00 - Effect of Cyanogen gas on human body

01:06:11 - First and second hottest flames

01:08:50 - Behaviour of Cu+ in Neutral Water/ Acidic Solution

01:09:51 - Behaviour of Cu+ in Basic Solution ( Formation of cuprous oxide Lattice)

01:12:31 - Basic introduction of Cu²+ ion , explanation of color

01:15:11 - Behaviour of cu²+ in Neutral Water

01:17:00 - Behaviour of Cu²+ in Acidic Solution ( Sulphuric Acid )

01:18:37 - Behaviour of Cu²+ with Hydrochloride acid.

01:21:07 - Behaviour of Cu²+ in Basic Solution

01:24:57 - Reaction of Copper (II) Hydroxide with Ammonia or Formation of tetraamminecopper(II) ion

01:29:45 - Reaction Of Copper With Hydrochloride Acid 🔥🔥

01:34:17 - Reaction of Copper with dilute Nitric Acid

01:38:47 - Reaction of Copper with Conc. Nitric Acid

01:39:57 - Reaction of Copper (II) Oxide with Hydrochloric Acid

01:40:47 - Reaction of Copper (I) Oxide with Hydrochloric Acid


🔍 Key Concepts Covered:

1. The Cu(I) vs Cu(II) Stability Paradox

Why is Cu²+ (3d⁹) more stable in an aqueous solution than Cu+ (3d¹⁰)? We break down the competition between Second Ionization Enthalpy and Hydration Enthalpy.


2. Disproportionation of Cu(I)
We analyze the spontaneous self redox reaction that occurs in water:


2Cu+ ➡️ 2Cu²+ + Cu (s)


The Electron Move:

One Cu+ ion loses an electron (Oxidation) to become Cu²+ while another Cu+ ion accepts that electron (Reduction) to become metallic Cu⁰.

Stability: Why does this happen in acidic/neutral media but change in the presence of specific ligands?

3. Behavior in Different Media:

🔥Acidic Medium/Neutral Medium: Stability of Cu²+ and the immediate disproportionation of Cu+.

🔥 Basic Medium: Formation of Cu(OH)2 (pale blue ppt) and its dehydration to CuO (black).

🔥 Ammoniacal Medium: The formation of the deep blue [Cu(NH3)4]²+complex.

4. Crucial Reactions of Copper Compounds

Reaction with HNO3 (Dilute vs. Conc.): Tracking the change in Nitrogen's oxidation state from +5 to +2 or +4 ( NO or NO2 )


🔥We also cover the most important reactions of copper and its compounds, including:

Reactions of CuSO₄, CuCl₂, Cu₂O, CuO

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If you're preparing for board exams or competitive entrance tests, this video breaks down complex concepts with clear explanations, examples, and balanced equations.

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