Exp:1Separation of Mixture of Water&Alcohol Fractional Distillation|PBA CHEMISTRY|GRADE:10|FBISE|NBF

Описание: Experiment 1: Separation of a Mixture of Water and Alcohol by Fractional Distillation
Subject: Chemistry
Grade: 10
Board: FBISE
Book: NBF (Punjab Board Aligned)

Description:
This experiment demonstrates the separation of a homogeneous mixture of water and alcohol using the technique of fractional distillation. Fractional distillation is used when two liquids are miscible and have close boiling points. Alcohol (ethanol) has a lower boiling point (78°C) than water (100°C).

In this process, the mixture is heated in a distillation flask. As the temperature rises, ethanol vaporizes first due to its lower boiling point. The vapors pass through a fractionating column, which allows repeated condensation and vaporization, improving separation efficiency. The vapor then moves into the condenser, where it cools and changes back into liquid form. The distilled alcohol is collected in a separate container, while water remains in the flask until a higher temperature is reached.

This experiment helps students understand boiling point differences, phase changes (evaporation and condensation), and the practical application of separation techniques in chemistry. It also strengthens concepts related to mixtures, purity of substances, and physical properties of matter.

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