No.70 ~ Acceptance Sampling | Meaning | Types | Example || Student Notes ||

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1.) Introduction

Acceptance sampling was discovered by Dodge and Romig and applied by the U.S. military to the testing of bullets during World War II. If every bullet was tested in advance, no bullets will be left to ship. On the other hand, if not tested, malfunctions might occur in the field of battle. Dodge suggests that a sample should be picked randomly from the lot for testing, and based on the result, a decision should be made to accept or reject the lot.

2) Meaning of Acceptance Sampling

There are two methods of inspecting the quality. One is 100% testing and the second is sampling. This method is used when the cost of 100% inspection is too high or time-consuming. In sampling, if the sample of items is as per the quality standards, then the whole lot is accepted. If not, the whole lot is rejected. The sample items are supposed to be representative of the whole lot.

3.) Types of Acceptance Sampling

1.) Single sampling plans
2.) Double sampling plans
3.) Multiple sampling plans

1.) Single sampling plans

Management or Team picks Samples of items randomly from a lot. The decision of selection and rejection of lot took from the result of the sample. This is the most common and easiest type of Acceptance Sampling.

2.) Double sampling plans

After the first sample is tested, three possibilities are -
a. Accept the lot
b. Reject the lot
c. No decision
In the third possibility, a second sample is taken, the results of both samples get combined, and a final decision is made based on that information.

3.) Multiple sampling plans

It is an extension of double sampling, where more than two samples are taken to get the desired result. The advantage of multiple sampling is smaller sample sizes and, the rate of accuracy is high.