What was the Importance of the Qing -Dzungar Wars?

Описание: #qingdzungarwars #qingdynasty #dzungarkhanate
The Dzungar-Qing Wars were a decades-long series of conflicts that saw the Dzungar Khanate fighting the Qing dynasty and its Mongol vassals across a wide swath of Inner Asia that included present day central and eastern Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The victories by the Qing government led to the incorporation of Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang into the Qing Empire that would continue until the dynasty fell in 1911-12.


After the Yuan dynasty collapsed in 1368, most of China’s Mongol rulers withdrew to Mongolia and became known as the Northern Yuan. Over time, this state disintegrated into a series of Khanates, ruled by various descendants of Genghis Khan.
The Qing dynasty defeated the Inner Chahar Mongol leader Ligdan Khan and annexed Inner Mongolia. The Eastern Mongols (also known as Outer and Inner Mongols) were ruled by Chingisids, the Oirats were ruled by the Choros clan and the Dzungar Oirats held a conference in 1640 with all tribes not under Qing rule, which resulted in failure.
By the 1650s, the Dzungar Khanate, an Oirat state centred in Dzungaria and western Mongolia had become the preeminent khanate of the region and often found itself in conflict with the Khalkha Mongols, the remnants of the Northern Yuan.
In 1670, Galdan Boshugtu Khan, on assuming leadership after the death of his brother, launched a series of raids to expand his territory as far as present-day eastern Kazakhstan, into northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Siberia. Through skilful diplomacy Galdan maintained peaceful relations with the Qing, and established relations with Russia.
However, when Galdan’s brother, Dorjijab was killed in a skirmish with soldiers loyal to the Khalkha Khan in 1687, Galdan launched a full-scale invasion of eastern Mongolia, in doing so he destroyed several tribes at the Battle of Olgoi Nor (Olgoi Lake) in 1688, sending more than 20,000 refugees into Qing territory.
Defeated, the Khalkha rulers fled to Hohhot seeking assistance from the Qing government, while the Qing had secured a peace treaty with the Russian Cossacks across their northern border who had previously supported Galdan. Under the Treaty of Nerchinsk, such an alliance was not possible so this led the Qing to attacking their rivals within the Mongol communities. Then, fearing a united Mongol state, one ruled by the hostile Dzungars, the Qing turned their powerful war machine on the Oirats.
The Dzungars had previously conquered and subjugated the Uyghurs during the Dzungar conquest of Altishahr when they invaded Chingisid Chagatai under the leadership of the Yarkent Khanate. Heavy taxes were then imposed upon the Uyghurs by the Dzungars, which understandably provoked resentment. This led to uprisings and Uyghur rebels joined forces with the Qing against the Dzungars with the Yarkent Khanate under Muhammad Amin Khan presenting tribute to the Qing while requesting aid against attacks from the Dzungars.


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What was the Importance of the Qing-Dzungar Wars?

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