Exoskeleton | Exoskeleton Structure | Epicuticle | Procuticle | Ecdysis Moulting | Class 12 (Urdu)

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About This Video ........................

In This Video Lecture You Will Learn Basic Concept Of Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton is hardened outer covering to which internal muscles are attached. The exoskeleton
The epicuticle is the outer most layer. Because it is made up of waxy lipoprotein, it is impermeable
shell can grow as the animal grows and growth rings are apparent on the shell. The soft parts of the
kinds of protein. It is further hardened by sclerotization and sometimes by impregnation with
to water and serves as a barrier to microorganisms in insects. The bulk of exoskeleton is below the
calcium carbonate.
molluscan body have a hydrostatic skeleton as well.
The most complex exoskeleton is found among the arthropods. The arthropods have made a
carbonate. The shell of land snail generally lacks the hard minerals and are much lighter. Molluscan
one or two pieces. Some marine bivalves and snail have shell composed of crystals of calcium
exoskeleton forms firm ridges and bars for muscle attachment. Another modification of exoskeleton
of endocuticle. The procuticle is composed of chitin, tough, leathery, polysaccharide and several
variety of adaptations to allow them to live and grow within their exoskeleton. The invagination of
epicuticle and is called the procuticle.Procuticle consists of an outerlayer exocuticle and inner layer
is inert and non-living. It is secreted by the ectoderm in animal cells. It is composed of two layers.
is the formation of joints. The exoskeleton are thin, soft and flexible at joints, consequently joint
move very easily. Other modifications of exoskeleton include sensory receptors called sensilla that
are in the form of bristles, and lenses and the modiication of the exoskeleton that permits gaseous
The simplest example of an exoskeleton is the shell of mollusca, which generally consists of just
exchange.

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