5. WHAT ARE BIASED CLIPPER CIRCUITS | SERIES AND PARALLEL CLIPPERS| AC ANALYSIS ELECTRONICS
Автор: Secrets of Physics
Загружено: 2026-01-18
Просмотров: 66
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Why “biased”?
In an unbiased clipper, the diode starts conducting when the input crosses about the diode’s forward drop (≈0.7 V for silicon), so clipping happens close to 0 V.
In a biased clipper, we add a DC bias so the diode will conduct only after the input reaches (or goes below) that bias level. That’s how we “shift” the clipping point up or down.
What happens in the circuit (basic working)
• When the input is below the clipping threshold, the diode stays OFF, so the output follows the input (almost same).
• When the input becomes high enough (or low enough) to turn the diode ON, the diode provides a path and prevents the output from increasing further (or decreasing further).
So the waveform gets “cut” from the top, bottom, or both.
Types of biased clippers (conceptually)
1) Biased positive clipper
• Clips the positive part of the waveform above a chosen level.
• Output’s top side becomes “flat” after that level.
2) Biased negative clipper
• Clips the negative part of the waveform below a chosen level.
• Output’s bottom side becomes “flat” after that level.
3) Biased series vs biased shunt (parallel)
• Series biased clipper: diode is in series with the load; clipping happens because diode blocks or allows the signal path.
• Shunt (parallel) biased clipper: diode is in parallel with the load; clipping happens because diode “diverts” the extra part of the signal away.
What sets the clipping level?
Mainly:
• Bias voltage value
• Diode forward drop (silicon ≈ 0.7 V, germanium ≈ 0.3 V)
So practically, the clip level is often around:
• Bias + diode drop (for one direction)
or
• Bias − diode drop (depending on orientation)
Where biased clippers are used (simple uses)
• Over-voltage protection (stop signal from exceeding a safe level)
• Wave shaping (convert or trim waveforms)
• Noise/spike removal
• Signal conditioning before ADC or amplifiers
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