Septic Arthritis: Orthopedics Lecture

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Septic Arthritis -
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Septic arthritis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of a joint due to infection. It can lead to severe pain, swelling, and potential joint damage if not treated promptly.
What is Septic Arthritis? 🤔
Definition: Septic arthritis occurs when bacteria, viruses, or fungi invade a joint, leading to inflammation. The most common cause is bacterial infection, often by Staphylococcus aureus.
Commonly Affected Joints:
Knees
Hips
Shoulders
Ankles
Causes and Risk Factors ⚠️-
Infection: Often arises from:
Bacteria entering the joint from nearby infections (e.g., skin, urinary tract).
Direct penetration (e.g., surgery, injury).
Spread from the bloodstream (bacteremia).
Risk Factors:-
Pre-existing joint conditions (like rheumatoid arthritis).
Recent joint surgery or injections.
Immunosuppression (due to conditions or medications).
Intravenous drug use.
Symptoms 🩺-
Joint Pain: Severe pain in the affected joint, especially with movement.
Swelling: Noticeable swelling and redness around the joint.
Fever: Often accompanied by fever and chills.
Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the joint due to pain and swelling.
Diagnosis 🧪-
Clinical Evaluation: Assessment of symptoms and physical examination.
Imaging Studies: X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound to check for joint damage and fluid accumulation.
Joint Aspiration: Withdrawal of synovial fluid for analysis to identify the causative organism and determine white blood cell count.
Treatment 🏥-
Antibiotics: Prompt intravenous antibiotics to target the specific bacteria causing the infection.
Surgical Intervention: May be required to drain infected fluid from the joint to relieve pressure and remove infected tissue.
Supportive Care: Pain management and physical therapy to restore joint function.
Complications ⚠️ -
Joint Damage: If left untreated, septic arthritis can lead to irreversible damage to cartilage and bone.
Sepsis: The infection can spread, potentially leading to a life-threatening condition known as sepsis.

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