Cerebral Cortex Made Simple | Neuroanatomy Functions & Lobes Explained for Med School

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The cerebral cortex controls everything from movement and memory to language and personality. In this lesson, we make neuroanatomy simple by breaking down the lobes, gyri, sulci, and functional areas you need to know for exams and clinical practice.

We’ll cover:
Frontal lobe – movement, decision-making, personality
Parietal lobe – sensation, perception, proprioception
Temporal lobe – hearing, language, memory, emotions
Occipital lobe – vision and visual processing
Insular lobe – homeostasis and autonomic control

You’ll also learn key landmarks (central sulcus, longitudinal fissure, calcarine sulcus), functional areas (motor, sensory, visual, auditory, gustatory), and how classic cases like Phineas Gage reveal the importance of the prefrontal cortex.

⏱️ Time Stamps
0:00 – Intro: Why study the cerebral cortex?
0:24 – Phineas Gage story and the prefrontal cortex
1:46 – Lesson goals
2:03 – Lobes, gyri, and sulci explained
3:19 – Sulci vs fissures
4:02 – Gray matter vs white matter
5:57 – Frontal lobe functions
7:10 – Parietal lobe functions
8:01 – Temporal lobe functions
8:24 – Occipital lobe functions
8:46 – Insular lobe functions
9:25 – Key fissures and sulci (longitudinal, lateral, transverse, central)
13:39 – Hand trick for remembering lobes
14:55 – Midline section landmarks (cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum, cuneus, precuneus)
17:19 – Frontal lobe gyri + Broca’s area
19:15 – Parietal lobe gyri (postcentral, supramarginal, angular)
21:09 – Temporal lobe gyri + transverse temporal gyri
22:19 – Inferior surface: parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus
23:39 – Occipital lobe gyri (superior, middle, inferior)
24:19 – Insular lobe gyri (short vs long)
25:08 – Functional areas overview
25:34 – Primary motor cortex, premotor, supplementary motor
27:00 – Prefrontal cortex functions
27:28 – Frontal eye field + Broca’s area
28:10 – Primary somatosensory cortex + association area
29:20 – Cortical homunculus (motor and sensory maps)
30:57 – Auditory cortex + Wernicke’s area
32:47 – Fusiform face area
33:07 – Visual cortex + visual association area
33:47 – Gustatory cortex (taste)
34:12 – Phineas Gage revisited (prefrontal damage explained)
35:18 – Practice questions
39:06 – Summary and wrap-up

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