The Minimalist Program 1.4.3 CaseTheory, 1.5 FurtherTopics

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This video explains Case Theory in the Principles-and-Parameters framework, starting from the idea that Case may be overt (Latin/Russian) or mostly invisible (English/Chinese) but is always present abstractly. We introduce the Case Filter—the requirement that overt NPs (and, crucially, variables/traces) must be Case-licensed—and use classic contrasts (e.g., It seems [Susan to be here]) to show why infinitival subjects typically lack Case unless special mechanisms apply. The key mechanism is Exceptional Case Marking (ECM), where certain verbs (like believe) can assign accusative Case across an infinitival boundary, explaining patterns like Bill believed [her to be here] and adjacency effects.

We then connect Case to deeper architecture: Case helps make argument chains visible for θ-marking, supporting the Chain Condition and Last Resort movement. A major puzzle is PRO, which behaves like an argument but appears in Caseless environments; the section motivates the proposal of null Case for PRO and reframes Case as part of broader Spec–head feature checking (often tied to agreement/Agr projections). The closing “Further Topics” highlights what this overview leaves open—especially the PF component—and points to big questions about the division of labor between syntax and phonology, including whether some “ellipsis” phenomena are better treated as PF deletion under prosodic marking rather than syntactic reconstruction.

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