Himalayan Mountains — Structure & Evolution | Indian Geography | UPSC Geography Optional

Описание: Himalayan Mountains — Structure & Evolution explained for Geography Optional.
Covers tectonic evolution, physiographic divisions, relief, drainage, and contemporary challenges.

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This lecture explains the Himalayan Mountains for Geography Optional (Indian Geography) — focusing on structure & evolution, major physiographic divisions, the geological story (Gondwana → Indian plate drift → Tethys → Himalayan sedimentation → collision), and how structure controls relief and drainage. The lecture also discusses contemporary challenges (seismicity, landslides, glacier retreat) and climate-change impacts on the Himalaya.

Topics covered: introduction & definitions (structure vs relief), geological evolution, plate interaction and Himalayan uplift, major physiographic divisions (Trans-Himalaya, Greater/Gangetic/Higher, Lesser, Shiwaliks; syntaxial bends), structural framework & drainage pattern, hazards & climate change implications.



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UPSC CSE 2026 Focus
This lecture is fully aligned with UPSC Mains (Geography Optional) syllabus. No integration with GS/Prelims—only pure optional material, exam notes, and past year questions.

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UPSC CSE aspirants with Geography Optional
Students preparing Oceanography module in detail

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