The Minimalist Program 1.4.2 BindingTheory

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This video introduces Binding Theory as a module that constrains which noun phrases (NPs) can be interpreted as anaphorically linked, depending on their type (anaphor, pronoun, r-expression) and the structure they appear in. We build up the core idea that linear distance is not the key factor; instead, constraints are stated in terms of c-command and local domains. This yields the classic binding conditions: anaphors must be bound locally (Condition A), pronouns must be free locally (Condition B), and r-expressions must be free (Condition C), along with the interpretive consequences of coreference vs. disjoint reference.

The section then shows why “locality” cannot be just “the smallest clause,” motivating governing-category style definitions that reference government and the availability of a potential binder. Finally, it explains why PRO and control cannot be reduced to ordinary anaphor binding: PRO’s distribution (e.g., “PRO must be ungoverned”) and the fact that control is often tied to a designated controller (sometimes an object) behave differently from binding—especially cross-linguistically (e.g., Polish-type restrictions on binders that do not carry over to control).

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