(Fig 5-A.05) T2 Mapping Techniques

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📌 T2 Mapping Techniques

✅ Clinical Significance
T2 mapping measures the spatial distribution of T2 to identify areas of increased and decreased water content.
This allows for the quantification of cartilage degeneration before morphological changes are visible.

✅ Age-Related Changes and Damage Detection
With aging, articular cartilage shows a diffuse increase in T2 relaxation values, while damaged cartilage shows focally increased T2 values.

✅ Case Study: Cartilage Repair
In cartilage repair patients, lower T2 values are observed in the repair area compared to normal cartilage.
Higher T2 values are visible in native cartilage at locations where the radial zone is positioned at 55° to the main magnetic field, due to the magic angle effect.

✅ Characterizing Cartilage Composition
T2 mapping is a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring cartilage health and repair.
It characterizes the biochemical composition of cartilage at both native and repair sites within the knee.
This technique is particularly useful for evaluating cartilage repair tissue after procedures such as microfracture, osteochondral grafting, and matrix-assisted autologous transplantation.
Additionally, it helps assess graft maturation following autologous chondrocyte implantation.
T2 mapping is a sensitive biomarker for evaluating early chondral degeneration.
It can be easily implemented on clinical routine MR scanners.


References
J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Sep 25;22:101610

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