IB Organic Chemistry Isomers Topic 10 HL 20.3 Stereoisomers cis trans EZ optical isomers

Описание: IB Organic Chemistry Isomers Topic 10 HL 20.3 Stereoisomers cis trans EZ optical isomers
All the different types of isomers you need to know

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0:12 Isomer summary diagram
1:27 Cis trans isomers
3:00 E Z isomers
5:12 Optical isomers

20.3 Stereoisomerism HL
• Stereoisomers are subdivided into two classes—conformational isomers, which interconvert by rotation about a σ bond and configurational isomers that interconvert only by breaking and reforming a bond.

Configurational isomers are further subdivided into cis-trans and E/Z isomers and optical isomers.

• Cis-trans isomers can occur in alkenes or cycloalkanes (or heteroanalogues) and differ in the positions of atoms (or groups) relative to a reference plane. According to IUPAC, E/Z isomers refer to alkenes of the form R1R2C=CR3R4 (R1 ≠ R2, R3 ≠ R4) where neither R1 nor R2 need be different from R3 or R4.
• A chiral carbon is a carbon joined to four different atoms or groups.
• An optically active compound can rotate the plane of polarized light as it passes through a solution of the compound. Optical isomers are enantiomers. Enantiomers are non-superimposeable mirror images of each other. Diastereomers are not mirror images of each other.
• A racemic mixture (or racemate) is a mixture of two enantiomers in equal amounts and is optically inactive.
• Construction of 3-D models (real or virtual) of a wide range of stereoisomers.
• Explanation of stereoisomerism in non-cyclic alkenes and C3 and C4 cycloalkanes.
• Comparison between the physical and chemical properties of enantiomers.
• Description and explanation of optical isomers in simple organic molecules.
• Distinction between optical isomers using a polarimeter.

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