Lewis Theory | Lewis acids and bases| How to identify Lewis Acids and Bases?

Описание: In this fully Animated Lecture you will learn about the Lewis concept of acids and bases.
According to the Lewis Concept, bases are substances that can donate a pair of electrons.
while acids are substances that can accept a pair of electrons.
Example:-
Imagine ammonia, which is our base. It has a lone pair of electrons that it can donate. On the other hand, we have boron trifluoride. It has an incomplete orbital, that can accept a pair of electrons. When they come together. ammonia donates its lone pair of electrons, to boron trifluoride. This forms a coordinate covalent bond, between them. The ammonia acts as a base because it donated its electrons, and boron trifluoride acts as an acid because it accepts those electrons. The product of any Lewis acid-base reaction is, called an adduct.

How to identify Lewis acids, and Lewis bases?
Lewis Acids are electron pair acceptors. while, bases are electron pair donors.
According to the Lewis concept, the two types of substances can act as Lewis acids:
Molecules in which, the central atom has an incomplete octet. For example, Boron trifluoride and aluminium chloride. these compounds can accept an electron pair, because the central atoms have, only six electrons around them.
Positively charged cations, can act as Lewis acids. because, they are deficient in electrons. for example cations, such as sodium ions and potassium ions have a very little tendency to accept electrons. While the cations like hydrogen and silver ions, have a greater electron accepting tendency, therefore act as Lewis acids.

similarly, there are two types of substances that can act as lewis bases.
Neutral species have, at least one lone pair of electrons. For example, ammonia has a lone pair of electrons. so act as Lewis Base.
on the other hand,
Negatively charged substances or anions, can also donate electron pairs. For example, chloride and hydroxide ions, act as Lewis bases.

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