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Описание: Lok Sabha has passed a Bill enabling the government to permit charges on UPI and other digital payments in the future—but does that mean consumers will start paying immediately? Here's the complete story behind Merchant Discount Rate (MDR), the new law, and what it means for India's digital payment ecosystem.
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The Lok Sabha has passed a crucial amendment to the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, opening the legal pathway for the government to allow Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) or other charges on UPI and notified digital payment modes. Does this mean UPI will no longer be free? Will Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm and BHIM users have to pay transaction charges?

In this detailed UPSC Current Affairs analysis, we explain the complete background of India's zero-MDR policy, why banks and payment service providers have been demanding transaction fees, what RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra has said, and why the government believes someone must bear the cost of maintaining India's rapidly expanding digital payments infrastructure. We also explain the difference between UPI, RTGS, NEFT and MDR, the possible impact on merchants, consumers, fintech companies, and India's Digital India mission.

This topic is extremely important for UPSC Prelims & Mains under Economy, Banking & Financial Inclusion, Digital India, Government Policies, NPCI, RBI, Financial Sector Reforms, and Current Affairs 2026.
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