Material Science, Workshop calculation & Science. Common for Electrician and Fitter

Описание: INTRODUCTION
Ferrous materials/metals may be defined as those metals whose main constituent is iron
such as pig iron, wrought iron, cast iron, steel and their alloys. The principal raw materials
forferrous metals is pig iron. Ferrous materials are usually stronger and harder and are
used in daily life products. Ferrous material possess a special property that their
characteristics can be altered by heat treatment processes or by addition of small quantity
of alloying elements. Ferrous metals possess different physical properties according to
their carbon content.
IRON AND STEEL
The ferrous metals are iron base metals which include all varieties of iron and steel.
Most common engineering materials are ferrous materials which are alloys of iron. Ferrous
means iron. Iron is the name given to pure ferrite Fe, as well as to fused mixtures of this
ferrite with large amount of carbon (may be 1.8%), these mixtures are known as pig iron
and cast iron. Primarily pig iron is produced from the iron ore in the blast furnace from
which cast iron, wrought iron and steel can be produced.
CLASSIFICATION OF CARBON STEELS
Plain carbon steel is that steel in which alloying element is carbon. Practically besides
iron and carbon four other alloying elements are always present but their content is very
small that they do not affect physical properties. These are sulphur, phosphorus, silicon
and manganese. Although the effect of sulphur and phosphorus on properties of steel is
detrimental, but their percentage is very small. Sulphur exists in steel as iron sulphide
which produces red shortness or manganese sulphide which does affect its properties.
forging dies. Likewise for production of cold chisels, punches and dies. Springs,
broaches and reamers can be produced for steel containing carbon. As the percentage
of carbon further increases, it can be used for production of milling cutters, anvils,
taps, drills, files, razors, metal cutting tools for lathes, shapers, planner and drawing
dies.