Staunton Gambit Destroyed the Dutch Defence

Описание: The Dutch Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:


1. d4 f5


** Dutch Defence,Black's 1...f5 stakes a claim to the e4-square and envisions an attack in the middlegame on White's kingside;
however, it also weakens Black's kingside to an extent (especially the e8–h5 diagonal).
** Like its 1.e4 counterpart, the Sicilian Defence, the Dutch Defence is an aggressive and unbalancing opening, resulting in the lowest percentage of draws among the most common replies to 1.d4.
** Historically, White has tried many methods to exploit the kingside weaknesses in the Dutch Defence, such as the Staunton Gambit (2.e4) and Korchnoi Attack (2.h3 and 3.g4).


** The Dutch Defence has never been a main line against 1.d4 and is rarely seen today in high-level competition, although a number of top players, including Alexander Alekhine, Bent Larsen, Paul Morphy, Miguel Najdorf, and Hikaru Nakamura have used it with success by using the Dutch Defence.
** Its most notable use may have been in 1951, when both world champion Mikhail Botvinnik and his challenger, David Bronstein, played the Dutch Defence in their 1951 World Championship match.


** Some of Famous Chess Variations in Dutch Defence are :


The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) has twenty codes for the Dutch Defence, A80 through A99.


A80: 1.d4 f5
A81: 1.d4 f5 2.g3 (Dutch Defence-Fianchetto Attack)
A82: 1.d4 f5 2.e4 (Dutch Defence-Staunton Gambit)
A83: 1.d4 f5 2.e4 fxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 (Staunton Gambit)
A84: 1.d4 f5 2.c4
A85: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.Nc3 (Dutch Defence-Rubinstein Variation)
A86: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 (Dutch Defence-Fianchetto Variation)
A87: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 (Dutch Defence-Leningrad Dutch)
A88: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 c6 (Leningrad Dutch, Warsaw Variation)
A89: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 Nc6 (Leningrad Dutch, Matulovich)
A90: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 (Dutch Defence-Classical Variation)
A91: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7
A92: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0
A93: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d5 7.b3 (Dutch Defence-Botvinnik Variation)
A94: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d5 7.b3 c6 8.Ba3 (Dutch Defence-Stonewall)
A95: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d5 7.Nc3 c6 (Dutch Defence-Stonewall)
A96: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6
A97: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 Qe8 (Dutch Defence-Ilyin–Genevsky Variation)
A98: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 Qe8 8.Qc2 (Dutch Defence-Ilyin–Genevsky Variation)
A99: 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 Qe8 8.b3 (Dutch Defence-Ilyin–Genevsky Variation)




The Staunton Gambit is a chess opening characterised by the moves:


1. d4 f5 (the Dutch Defence)
2. e4!?


in Staunton Gambit ,White sacrifices a pawn for quick development, with the idea of launching an attack against Black's kingside, which has been somewhat weakened by 1...f5. Black can decline the gambit with 2...d6, transposing to the Balogh Defence, but accepting the pawn with 2...fxe4 is considered stronger.


Although the Staunton Gambit was once a feared weapon for White, it is rarely played today, since theory has shown how to neutralise it, and White scores only about 50 percent.


The ECO codes for Staunton Gambit are A82 and A83.


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