Pani Ka Safar (Waste to Pure)

Описание: A Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is designed to treat wastewater and make it safe for reuse or discharge. The process begins with screening, where large floating materials such as plastics, rags, and debris are removed. The wastewater then enters the grit chamber, where sand and heavy particles settle down. In the equalization tank, flow and pollutant load are balanced to ensure smooth treatment.

Next, the water passes into the primary clarifier, where suspended solids settle as sludge. The partially treated water then flows to the aeration tank (MBBR), where microorganisms break down organic matter using oxygen. This mixture moves to the secondary clarifier, separating treated water from biological sludge.

Finally, the clarified water undergoes UV disinfection, eliminating harmful pathogens. The treated water is then safely reused for gardening, flushing, or industrial purposes, supporting water conservation and environmental sustainability.
Raw sewage entering an STP typically contains:

Organic matter (BOD & COD)

Suspended solids (TSS)

Oil and grease

Pathogenic microorganisms

Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus

Grit, sand, plastics, rags, and debris

The STP is designed to systematically remove or reduce these pollutants through multiple treatment stages.
he sewage treatment process is generally divided into:

Preliminary Treatment

Primary Treatment

Secondary (Biological) Treatment

Tertiary Treatment / Disinfection

Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Raw Sewage / Influent
↓
Inlet Chamber
(Flow regulation & initial collection)
↓
Screening Unit
(Removal of plastics, rags, floating debris)
↓
Grit Chamber
(Removal of sand, grit, heavy inorganic particles)
↓
Equalization Tank
(Flow & load balancing, continuous mixing)
↓
Primary Clarifier
(Settling of suspended solids, sludge separation)
↓
Aeration Tank (MBBR / ASP / SBR)
(Biological treatment using microorganisms & air)
↓
Secondary Clarifier
(Separation of treated water and biological sludge)
↓
Tertiary Treatment (Optional)
• Pressure Sand Filter (PSF)
• Activated Carbon Filter (ACF)
↓
UV Disinfection / Chlorination
(Elimination of harmful pathogens)
↓
Treated Water Tank
↓
Reuse / Discharge
(Gardening, flushing, cooling, industrial reuse)
Each stage has a specific function and collectively ensures high-quality treated effluent.
A Sewage Treatment Plant is an essential infrastructure for sustainable water management. By combining physical, biological, and disinfection processes, STPs effectively treat wastewater and convert it into a reusable resource. Advanced technologies like MBBR, UV disinfection, and automation systems have made STPs compact, efficient, and reliable. Proper design, operation, and maintenance of STPs not only protect the environment but also contribute significantly to water conservation and long-term sustainability.