Death in the Passes: Britain's Disastrous 1842 Retreat from Kabul

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In January 1842, over 16,000 people — soldiers, camp followers, women and children — left Kabul in retreat. One man rode into Jalalabad alive.

This is the story of how the world's most powerful military force was destroyed in the mountains of Afghanistan — and of the arrogance, incompetence and miscalculation that made it possible.

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Sources:

Lieutenant Vincent Eyre - Military Operations at Cabul (1843)
Eyre served in the Kabul garrison and was taken hostage during the retreat. The foundational British eyewitness account of the disaster. He was a talented artist. The "cantonment map" I adapted for the video and many of the character drawings were created by him. https://archive.org/details/militaryo...

Lady Florentia Sale - A Journal of the Disasters in Affghanistan (1843)

Sir George Lawrence - Reminiscences of Forty-Three Years in India (1874) (Some volumes include, as an appendix, Dr William Brydon's own firsthand account of his ride to Jalalabad) - https://archive.org/details/reminisce...

Lieutenant Colin Mackenzie - Storms and Sunshine of a Soldier's Life (1884) - https://archive.org/details/stormssun...

Lieutenant Thomas Souter, 44th Regiment of Foot Letter to his brother-in-law, 1842
https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.p...

Sir Alexander Burnes - Travels into Bokhara (1834) https://archive.org/details/travelsin...

Sir Alexander Burnes - Cabool (1843): https://archive.org/details/caboolper...

Mohan Lal Kashmiri
Life of the Amir Dost Muhammad Khan of Kabul (1846)
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet....

Captain Thomas Seaton From Cadet to Colonel: The Record of a Life of Active Service (1877):
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=d...

Rev. G.R. Gleig - Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan, with an Account of the Seizure and Defence of Jellalabad (1846) https://ia601604.us.archive.org/20/it...

Colonel Sir Henry Havelock -Narrative of the War in Affghanistan in 1838–9 (1840)

Major W. Hough - Narrative of the March and Operations of the Army of the Indus (1841)

J.H. Stocqueler - Memoirs and Correspondence of Major-General Sir William Nott (,1854)

Henry Marion Durand
The First Afghan War and its Causes (1879)

Colonel George de Lacy Evans - On the Practicability of an Invasion of British India (London, 1829)

Sir John William Kaye History of the War in Afghanistan (1851) https://archive.org/details/historyof...

Numerous Transcripts from the "Hansard Archive" of the British Parliament https://www.parliament.uk/business/pu...

William Dalrymple Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan (Bloomsbury, London, 2013)

Patrick Macrory Retreat from Kabul (also published as Signal Catastrophe, 1966)

Jules Stewart
On Afghanistan's Plains: The Story of Britain's Afghan Wars (2011)

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00:00:00 - "The Whole Army Had Been Destroyed"
00:05:00 - A Conspiracy
00:12:40 - Thank you Incogni! (Today's Sponsor)
00:14:22 - Return of a King
00:17:00 - The Disastrous British Cantonment
00:19:13 - "For a few rupees, we raised the whole country against us"
00:23:46 - The Powder-keg
00:26:41 - Hacked to Pieces
00:29:32 - Uprising
00:33:30 - MacNaughten Undone
00:36:25 - Day One: Retreat
00:43:56 - Day Two: Fifteen Thousand
00:45:40 - Day Three: Thirteen Thousand
00:48:37 - Day Four: Seven Thousand
00:50:00 - Day Five: Five Thousand
00:52:40 - Day Six: Three Thousand Five Hundred
00:55:07 - Day Eight: Sixty Five
00:57:11 - Brydon Alone
00:58:28 - "The Whole Army Had Been Destroyed"
01:00:17 - Some Had Survived
01:05:07 - Cruel Retribution