Govt of India act, 1919 |Decoding Polity - Part 8 | Xylem IAS

Описание: 📜 Government of India Act 1919 | Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms | Detailed Explanation

The Government of India Act 1919 was a major constitutional reform introduced by the British to expand Indian participation in governance.

🔑 Key Features & Keywords:

➡️ Dyarchy (Dual Government) in Provinces

Division of subjects into Reserved and Transferred
Reserved Subjects: Law & Order, Police, Revenue (controlled by Governor & Executive Council)
Transferred Subjects: Education, Public Health, Agriculture, Local Self-Government (handled by Indian Ministers)

➡️ Provincial Administration

Introduction of dual governance system
Governor had overriding powers
Real power still with British officials

➡️ Expansion of Legislative Councils

Increased number of members
Introduction of bicameral legislature at Centre:

Council of State (Upper House)
Legislative Assembly (Lower House)

➡️ Electoral Reforms

Introduction of direct elections
Expansion of franchise (limited voting rights)
Continuation of separate electorates (Muslims, Sikhs, etc.)

➡️ Increased Indian Participation

More Indians in legislative bodies
Indians could discuss budget, policies, and administration
Still limited powers, no full responsible government

➡️ Central Government

No responsible government at Centre
Governor-General retained supreme authority

➡️ Other Important Points

Based on August Declaration 1917
Introduced Public Service Commission (PSC)
Established High Commissioner for India (in London)

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🎯 UPSC Focus Areas:

Dyarchy concept
Reserved vs Transferred subjects
Limitations of the Act
Comparison with Government of India Act 1935

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📚 Useful for: UPSC, PSC, SSC, and other competitive exams

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