textile fibers burning test

Описание: Materials Required
Fabric or yarn sample (clean and dry)

Tongs or tweezers

Candle or Bunsen burner

Fire-resistant surface

Metal tweezers or holder

Safety gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation

Steps
Cut a small sample (about 1×2 cm or a few yarn strands).

Hold the sample with tweezers.

Slowly bring the sample close to the flame.

Observe:

Whether it melts, shrinks, or burns immediately.

The color and smell of the smoke.

The behavior in flame (melts, curls, self-extinguishes).

The type of ash or residue left after burning.

🧪 Burning Characteristics of Common Textile Fibers
Fiber Type Reaction to Flame Odor Residue Other Observations
Cotton Burns quickly, steady flame Burning paper Soft, gray, fluffy ash Continues to burn after flame
Linen (Flax) Burns like cotton Burning paper/grass Soft ash Slightly faster than cotton
Wool Burns slowly, self-extinguishes Burning hair Crispy black bead Sputters, curls away from flame
Silk Burns slowly, may self-extinguish Burning hair Crushable black bead Smells like wool, but smoother
Polyester Melts and burns, shrinks from flame Sweet, chemical Hard, shiny bead (not crushable) Drips and melts
Nylon Melts and burns slowly Celery or plastic-like Hard, round bead Melts before igniting
Acrylic Burns readily with black smoke Acrid, chemical Brittle hard bead Drips and continues to burn
Rayon/Viscose Burns quickly, like paper Burning paper Light, soft ash No melting, similar to cotton
Acetate Melts and burns Vinegar-like (acetic) Hard, irregular bead Fumes can be strong
Blends Behavior depends on components Mixed odors Mixed ash/bead characteristics Uneven melting and burning

✅ Interpretation Tips
Natural fibers like cotton and wool leave soft ash and have familiar odors (paper or hair).

Synthetic fibers melt, shrink from flame, and leave hard beads.

Cellulose-based fibers (like rayon) behave like cotton but may burn faster.

Blends show mixed behavior, so analysis must be careful and may need confirmation with other tests (e.g., solubility, microscopy).
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