Parental Care | Animal Behaviour | Zoology | Complete Concept + Theories

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Parental Care | Animal Behaviour & Theories
The video provides a technical breakdown of Parental Care, covering evolutionary paradoxes, life history trade-offs, and specific behavioral theories relevant to CSIR NET and academic zoology.
[00:01] Introduction to Ethology
Brief overview of Animal Behaviour (Ethology) as the scientific study of animal conduct.
[00:36] Definition of Parental Care
Explaining the evolutionary strategy where parents invest resources to boost offspring survival at a personal reproductive cost.
[02:03] The Evolutionary Paradox
Analysis of why parental care is not universal, citing energy costs, predation risks, and opportunity costs.
[03:53] Minimum vs. Extended Care
Distinguishing between basic nutritional investment (egg yolk) and complex behaviors like guarding, nesting, and teaching.
[05:36] Lack’s Hypothesis & Cost of Reproduction
Deep dive into David Lack’s theory on the energetic limits of brood size and its impact on adult survival.
[08:40] r/K Selection Theory
Comparison between r-strategists (many offspring, low care) and K-strategists (few offspring, high care).
[10:45] Trivers’ Parental Investment Theory
How differential investment leads to sexual selection and "choosier" sexes.
[13:21] Hamilton’s Rule & Kin Selection
Mathematical approach (rb c) to understanding why animals prioritize care for genetic relatives.
[15:50] Parent-Offspring Conflict
The genetic asymmetry leading to weaning conflicts where offspring demand more than parents should provide.
[16:50] Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS)
Modeling the decision between providing care versus deserting to seek new mates.
[17:53] Types of Care Across Taxa
Breakdown of Maternal, Paternal, Biparental, and Alloparental care in fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals.
[20:21] Brood Parasitism
Analysis of the "anti-parental" strategy used by species like Cuckoos to avoid care costs.
[21:29] Case Study: African Elephants
Detailed observation of elephant maternal care, sex differences in calves, and the role of allomothering.
[23:33] Summary of Major Theories
Consolidated review of Lack, Trivers, Hamilton, and ESS theories discussed in the lecture.
   • Parental Care  | Animal Behaviour |  Zoolo...  





In this lecture on Animal Behaviour (Ethology), we cover Parental Care in a complete, concept-driven, and exam-oriented manner.
This class is specially designed for CSIR NET Life Sciences, DBT, GATE, UPPSC / UPHESC Assistant Professor, B.Sc / M.Sc Zoology students.

🔍 Topics Covered in This Video
✔ Definition and evolutionary significance of parental care
✔ Types of parental care (maternal, paternal, biparental, alloparental)
✔ Lack’s hypothesis and cost of reproduction
✔ Trivers’ Parental Investment Theory
✔ Hamilton’s Rule and kin selection
✔ Parent–offspring conflict and weaning conflict
✔ r/K selection theory and life-history trade-offs
✔ Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS)
✔ Brood parasitism
✔ Parental care across animal taxa
✔ Case study: African elephants and allomothering




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