Collapses of Ancient Civilizations

Описание: While written documents are often preferred, most of the knowledge gained about the Old Kingdom is gathered from the architecture left behind from this time period. Due to inscriptions left on the tombs of appointed governors and the like, the Fall of the Old Kingdom has been established. Pepy II was the last great pharaoh of the Old Kingdom who had ruled for nearly ninety years. Such a long reign has its drawbacks though and, when Pepy II finally passed, there was no clear direction of where the empire was going. The governmental collapse, paired with the famine caused by the Nile River's failure to flood, proved too much for the Old Kingdom of Egypt to handle and it fell only to be revived as the Middle Kingdom almost a hundred years later.
It is believed that the Ancient Harappan civilization was established around 6000 BCE and was thriving between 2500 and 1900 BCE. Strangely, the Harappans seem to have disappeared around 1700 BCE. Through excavations it has been made clear that they did not fall in battle nor were they wiped out by some calamity either. It is believed that the Harappans merged with migrants from Central Asia and, thus, the previous civilization fell.
Similarly, the Ancient Mycenae civilization was not conquered either nor was it destroyed by nature. The Mycenaens did not even fall themselves but, rather, their culture did. Culture is the core of a people. It is theorized that the culture of Mycenae faded until it was unrecognizable and was, more or less, absorbed by its neighbors. It is also possible that a sudden drop in population played a large role into the fall of this particular civilization.
The fall of Rome is similar to the Fall of the Old Kingdom. It happened not because of one thing but because of multiple incidents occurring at once. The first of which were the many barbarian invasions that began 5th century BCE. The other nail in the coffin was the fact that the Romans were constantly breaking down their own structures in favor of fortifying others. With weakened defenses, the once invincible Roman Empire fell to the vandals and barbarians of the North and Gaul.