SANGAM AGE | ANCIENT HISTORY | MINDMAPS | UPSC CSE

Описание: SANGAM AGE | ANCIENT HISTORY | MINDMAPS | UPSC CSE

Dive into the "Golden Age" of Tamil Literature and History! 📜 In this mindmap video for UPSC CSE, we explore the Sangam Age (c. 300 BCE – 300 CE)—the period of the Three Crowned Kings (Muvendar) and the great assemblies of poets.

We map the capitals and emblems of the Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas, and decode the unique "Thinai" (Eco-zone) concept of Sangam geography.

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📜 *Video Mindmap: The Sangam Age*

► *1. The Three Dynasties (The Muvendar)*
• *Cheras (The West):*
• *Region:* Kerala/Kongu region.
• *Capital:* Vanji / Karur.
• *Port:* Muziris (Major trade with Rome).
• *Emblem:* **Bow and Arrow**.
• *Key Ruler:* Senguttuvan (Red Chera) – Founded the *Pattini Cult* (Worship of Kannagi).
• *Cholas (The East):*
• *Region:* Kaveri Delta (Cholamandalam).
• *Capital:* Uraiyur & Puhar (Kaveripattinam).
• *Emblem:* **Tiger**.
• *Key Ruler:* *Karikala* (Built the Kallanai Dam across Kaveri).
• *Pandyas (The South):*
• *Region:* Southern Tamil Nadu.
• *Capital:* Madurai (Seat of the Sangams).
• *Emblem:* *Fish* (Carp).
• *Significance:* Mentioned by Megasthenes for being ruled by women and famous for **Pearls**.

► *2. The Three Sangams (Assemblies)*
• Held under the patronage of *Pandya Kings* in Madurai.
• *1st Sangam:* Attended by Gods/Sages (No surviving texts).
• *2nd Sangam:* Only *Tolkappiyam* (Grammar) survives.
• *3rd Sangam:* Produced the bulk of existing literature (Ettutogai, Pattupattu).

► *3. Sangam Literature (High Yield)*
• *Themes:* Agam (Love/Inner life) & Puram (War/Public life).
• *The Epics:*
• *Silappadikaram:* By Ilango Adigal (Story of Kovalan & Kannagi).
• *Manimekalai:* By Sittalai Sattanar (Sequel to Silappadikaram; Buddhist influence).
• *Tirukkural:* By Thiruvalluvar (The "Bible of the Tamil Land").

► *4. Society & Economy*
• *Five Thinais (Eco-zones):* Kurinji (Hills), Mullai (Forest), Marudam (Plains), Neydal (Coastal), Palai (Dry land).
• *Trade:* Extensive trade with the *Roman Empire* (Augustus Caesar). Excavations at *Arikamedu* prove this.

This video is essential for Ancient History and Art & Culture (GS-1).

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