Okinawa 1945: Planning Operation ICEBERG

Описание: On 1 April 1945, U.S. forces invaded the Japanese home island of Okinawa. It was the largest joint amphibious assault mounted during World War II in the Pacific Theater. The invasion of Okinawa was the culmination of three years of operations in the Pacific against Imperial Japan. The film explores the planning and preparation for Operation ICEBERG from September 1944 to 1 April 1945.

“Okinawa 1945: Planning Operation ICEBERG” examines the U.S. Army operations process as well as planning by echelon from field army, corps, and division with special emphasis on current Joint doctrine. This film is the first in a two-part series covering Operation ICEBERG and the U.S. Tenth Army’s securing of Okinawa.


Chapters:
0:08 Introduction
3:02 Title Screen
3:08 The Strategic Situation
8:27 The Ryukyus
17:59 U.S. Forces
23:30 Operational Plan
31:20 Shaping and Sustaining Operation ICEBERG
39:47 Plan for Ground Operations
46:17 L-Day

Doctrine:
Operations Process (ADP 5-0) – 6:00
Six Steps of Assessment (ADP 5-0) – 6:45
Intelligence Process (ADP 5-0) – 9:20
Operational Environment (JP 3-0) – 9:40
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (ATP 2-01.3) – 10:05
Decisive Point (JP 5-0) – 11:10
PMESII-PT – 11:32

ASCOPE – 11:56
Joint Task Force (JP 3-33) – 24:30
Joint Area of Operations (JP 3-33) – 25:20
Operational Control (JP 3-33) – 25:50
Administrative Control (JP 3-33) – 26:10
ARFOR (FM 3-94)– 26:19
Tactical Control (JP 3-33)– 27:33
JFMCC – 27:56
Shaping Operations (ADP 3-0) – 32:13
Sustaining Operations (ADP 3-0) – 36:50
Airspace Control Authority – 37:35
Field Army (FM 3-94) – 40:05
Multi-domain Fires (FM 3-94) – 42:52
Corps Operations (FM 3-94) – 44:00
Division (FM 3-94) – 44:26

The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.

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BACKGROUND:
Okinawa Campaign: April 1- June 21, 1945

Under heavy naval gunfire and aircraft support on April 1, 1945, U.S. Forces invaded Okinawa, Japan. This landing had the codename of "Operation Iceberg" and was the last major amphibious assault of World War II. To Japan, the islands were the barrier to a direct invasion of its homeland. To the Allies, once the island was under their control, it would clear the path for the final invasion of Japan. Admiral Raymond A. Spurance, USN, Commander Fifth Fleet, led the invasion onboard USS Indianapolis (CA-35). Joint Task Force, TF-51, was led by Vice Admiral Richmond K. Turner, USN, with Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, USA, commanding the landing troops. The U.S. Navy lost 32 ships and craft, mostly by kamikaze attacks, and 368 ships and craft were damaged. Seven-hundred and sixty-three aircraft were lost with over 4,900 sailors killed or missing in action, with an additional 4,824 being wounded. Okinawa was declared secure on June 21.
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Kamikazes at Okinawa

The launch of Operation Iceberg at the end of March prompted an all-out Japanese effort to thwart it. The defense plan, Ten-Go (Operation “Heaven”), emphasized IJAAF and IJNAF attacks on the invasion force, but the crux of the operation rested on massed tokko raids (called kikisui, or “floating chrysanthemum”). Imperial Japanese Army forces on Okinawa prepared extensive defenses, planning to hold out to the end and force the enemy ships to expose themselves to these attacks for as long as possible.[18] As a result, U.S. naval forces fired on more enemy aircraft during the Battle of Okinawa than in any other campaign during World War II. U.S. ships engaged in more antiaircraft actions in April 1945 than in any other month of the war.[19]
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