Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation | Blood Coagulation Mechanism | Clotting Factors and Regulation

Описание: Here again, with an exciting Physiology video stuffed with in-depth knowledge, easy to grab with superb mnemonics.

The topic under discussion is Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation. So, bring your pens and paper to note down all the details on hemostasis and blood clotting, hemostasis event, and blood coagulation physiology.

▬ 📃 Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The term Hemostasis means prevention of blood loss. Whenever a vessel is severed or ruptured, Hemostasis is achieved by several mechanisms:
🟡 Hemostasis Platelet Plug Formation
🟡 Blood Clot Formation
🟡 Fibrous Tissue Growth

▬ 📜 Hemostasis Events ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The contraction results from the following:
🟠 Local Myogenic Spasm
🟠 Local Autacoid Factors
🟠 Nervous Reflexes

▬ 📃 Characteristics of Platelets ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Platelets have many functional characteristics:
🔵 The diameter is 1 to 4 μm.
🔵 The normal concentration is 150,000 - 450,000/ μl
🔵 No Nuclei
🔵 No Reproduction

▬ 📜 Cytoplasm of Platelets ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The cytoplasm of Platelets has:
🟢 Actin Molecules
🟢 Myosin Molecules
🟢 Thrombosthenin
🟢 Endoplasmic Reticulum
🟢 Golgi Apparatus
🟢 Mitochondria
🟢 Enzyme Systems
🟢 Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor

▬ 📃 Mechanism of Platelet Plug Formation ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Following are platelet plug formation steps:
⚫️ Endothelial injury
⚫️ Platelet Adhesions
⚫️ Platelet Activation
⚫️ Shape Change
⚫️ Release of ADP, TXA2, and PAF
⚫️ Platelets Recruitment
⚫️ Platelets Aggregation

I’m not gonna reveal it here. Because you need to watch the video to know this. Also, the clearance mechanism for Platelet Plug Formation all the information is just under your click.

▬ 📜 Blood Coagulation Events ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The physical events of this process in case of severe injury of a vessel are:
🟢 Platelet Aggregation
🟢 Fibrin Appearance
🟢 Fibrin Clot Forms
🟢 Clot Retraction

I cannot pen down all their details here, but obviously, I have made all the effort for you in the video. So, grab their details there.

▬ 📃 Clotting Factors ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
There are the following Blood clotting Factors:
🟤 Fibrinogen
🟤 Prothrombin
🟤 Tissue Thromboplastin
🟤 Calcium ion
🟤 Labile factor
🟤 Stable Factor
🟤 Antihemophilic Factor
🟤 Christmas Factor
🟤 Stuart-Prower Factor
🟤 Plasma thromboplastin Antecedent
🟤 Hageman Factor
🟤 Fibrin-stabilizing Factor

▬ 📜 Dissolution of Clot ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Once a Blood clot has formed, it can follow one of two courses:
🟡 Fibroblasts Invasion
🟡 Dissolution

▬ 📃 Blood Coagulation Mechanism ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Blood Coagulation takes place in three essential steps:
🔵 Prothrombin Activator Formation
🔵 Prothrombin into Thrombin
🔵 Fibrinogen into Fibrin Fibers

▬ 📜 Properties of Prothrombin ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Prothrombin is a:
🔴 Plasma Protein
🔴 α2-Globulin
🔴 68,700 MW
🔴 15 mg/dl
🔴 Unstable Protein

▬ 📃 Properties of Fibrinogen ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Fibrinogen is a:
🟣 High-Molecular-Weight Protein
🟣 340,000 MW
🟣 100 to 700 mg/dl
🟣 Formed in Liver
🟣 Essential Coagulation Process

▬ 📜 Clotting Cascade ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Prothrombin activator is generally considered to be formed in two ways, although, in reality, the two ways interact constantly with each other:
🟤 Extrinsic Pathway
🟤 Intrinsic Pathway

▬ 📃 Interaction Between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
👉 Extrinsic Pathway
🟠 Initiated by Tissue factor.
🟠 Clotting can occur in as little as 15 seconds.

👉 Intrinsic Pathway
🟢 Contact with collagen.
🟢 Clotting can occur in 1 to 6 minutes.

▬ 📜 Role of Calcium Ions ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
In the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways, except for the first two steps in the intrinsic pathway, calcium ions are required for the promotion or acceleration of all the blood-clotting reactions. Therefore, in the absence of calcium ions, Blood clotting by either pathway does not occur.

▬ 📃 Intravascular Anticoagulants ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Intravascular Anticoagulants Prevent Blood Clotting in the Normal Vascular System. They are:

👉 Endothelial Surface Factors
🔴 Smoothness
🔴 Glycocalyx
🔴 Thrombomodulin

👉 Fibrin
👉 Antithrombin III
👉 Heparin

▬ 📜 Blood Coagulation Tests ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
There are the following types of blood Coagulation Tests:
⚫️ Bleeding Time
⚫️ Clotting Time
⚫️ PT and INR

So that was all! The rest can be watched in the video.

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#blood #bloodcomponents #bloodcells #hemostasis #coagulationcascade #coagulation