Erythema Infectiosum, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Описание: .

Chapters

0:09 Introduction
1:18 causes of Erythema Infectiosum
2:25 Symptoms of Erythema Infectiosum
3:05 Diagnosis for Erythema Infectiosum
3:21 Treatment of Erythema Infectiosum


Erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, or slapped cheek syndrome[3] is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19.[4] Fifth disease typically presents as a rash and is more common in children. While parvovirus B19 can affect humans of all ages, only two out of ten individuals will present with physical symptoms.[5]

The name "fifth disease" comes from its place on the standard list of rash-causing childhood diseases, which also includes measles (first), scarlet fever (second), rubella (third), Dukes' disease (fourth, but is no longer widely accepted as distinct from scarlet fever), and roseola (sixth).[6] Fifth disease starts with a low-grade fever, headache, rash, and cold-like symptoms, such as a runny or stuffy nose.[7] These symptoms pass, then a few days later, the rash appears. The bright red rash most commonly appears in the face, particularly the cheeks.[7] This is a defining symptom of the infection in children (hence the name "slapped cheek disease").[7] Occasionally, the rash will extend over the bridge of the nose or around the mouth. In addition to red cheeks, children often develop a red, lacy rash on the rest of the body, with the upper arms, torso, and legs being the most common locations. The rash typically lasts a few days and may itch; some cases have been known to last for several weeks. Patients are usually no longer infectious once the rash has appeared.[1][2]

Teenagers and adults may present with a self-limited arthritis.[7] It manifests in painful swelling of the joints that feels similar to arthritis. Older children and adults with fifth disease may have difficulty in walking and in bending joints such as wrists, knees, ankles, fingers, and shoulders.[1][2]

The disease is usually mild,[8] but in certain risk groups and rare circumstances, it can have serious consequences:

In pregnant women, infection in the first trimester has been linked to hydrops fetalis, causing spontaneous miscarriage.
In people with sickle-cell disease or other forms of chronic hemolytic anemia such as hereditary spherocytosis, infection can precipitate an aplastic crisis.[1][2]
Those who are immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy) may be at risk for complications if exposed.[9]
In less than 5% of women with parvovirus B19 infection, a baby may develop severe anemia leading to miscarriage. This occurs most often during the first half of pregnancy.[10]