[Grice’s cooperation principle, 단어(개념) / Theme-Rheme theory] 제8강 [2026학년도 11월 수능 고3 32번] 빈칸 오답률 3위

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오픈 채팅방 https://open.kakao.com/o/gUcvNS6g

출제원리(4): 배경지식, 글의 단서, 추리/분석/종합/평가, 사고력

독해원리(4): 대조(A/B), P=Q, old before new, 결속장치(grammatical cohesion/lexical cohesion)

1. [오늘 공부할 내용]
► 대조(A/B)를 찾아라.
Conversation vs. Writing
Listener vs. Reader
Verbal Clarity vs. Vagueness(confusion)
On-topic vs. Off-topic
Relevance vs. Irrelevance
Appropriate amount vs. Too much / too little information
Immediate feedback(conversation) vs. Absence of feedback(writing)
Present(actual) listener vs. Absent reader

► - P = -Q / than

► We, You, Them

► expect = anticipate = imagine = envision = picture

► 단어(개념)의 탄생

2. 배경지식 / 개념 / 어휘 분석
► Grice’s Cooperative Principle [2025년 7월 실시 24번-고3] 제목 6강, [2025년 7월 실시 42번-고3] 장문 14강
This principle states that participants in a conversation expect their partners to contribute meaningfully and effectively. The expectations readers have for a writer—clarity, relevance, and proportion —directly correspond to Grice's four maxims:
Clarity (Manner): Be perspicuous, avoid obscurity and ambiguity.
Relevance(Relation): Be relevant (stay on topic).
Proportion(Quantity): Give the right amount of information (not too much, not too little).

► Reader-Response Theory (Rosenblatt, Iser)
Meaning is co-created by writer and reader.
Writers must anticipate reader expectations.
Writing is a transaction that depends on reciprocity and cooperation. Thus the writer imagines “both halves of a virtual conversation.”

► Audience-Centered Approach: Due to the lack of immediate feedback, writers must proactively anticipate the reader's needs and responses, essentially simulating a "virtual conversation.“ Writers must anticipate the needs, expectations, and responses of readers, just as speakers adjust to listeners. Since readers are absent, writers must imagine their reactions and structure text accordingly.

 
제 8강 [2026학년도 11월 수능 고3 32번] 빈칸 오답률 3위(80.1%)
The basic guidelines for good style are not mysterious; in fact, you use them every day in conversation. In conversation and in writing, we all rely heavily on cooperation to make sense of exchanges, and a polished practical style makes cooperation easier. Writers develop such a style by acknowledging that readers expect the same things that listeners expect in conversation: clarity, relevance, and proportion. If you listen to someone who is not clear, who cannot stay on the topic, or who offers too much or too little information, you will quickly lose interest in the conversation. Writers, too, need to be clear, stay on the topic, and give information appropriately. In fact, this attention to audience and appropriateness may be even more important in writing than in conversation because writing does not permit the nonverbal communication and immediate feedback that are part of conversation. As writers, we have to ( ); in effect, we have to imagine both halves of a virtual conversation.
① recognize the limitations of writing and conversation
② envision the reader’s preference for stylistic writing
③ picture the reader’s desire for more knowledge
④ develop collaborative writing with readers
⑤ anticipate the absent reader’s response

#기출, #영어, #독해, #사관학교 #어법 #내신

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The limits of my language define the limits of my world, -Ludwig Wittgenstein.
내 언어 한계가 내 세상의 한계이다. - 비트겐슈타인

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