Mohenjo Daro I Pakistan Sindh Tour EP. 10 | Mysterious Indus Valley Civilization I Larkana Sindh I

Описание: Mohenjo Daro I Mysterious Indus Valley Civilization I Rediscovering the Magic of A Historical Wonder (Part-1)
Sir John Marshall was Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India during a crucial period from 1902 to 1928. He supervised the excavations of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, the most famous sites of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Excavation work begins in 1923-24 at Mohenjo Daro which was initially supervised by MS Vats and then by KN Dikshit. Sir John Marshall first came to Mohenjo Daro in 1925 to supervise the excavations.
The following observations by this author are based on old photographs taken at Mohenjo Daro during 1922-23, 1924-25, 1925-26, 1926-27, 1927-28 and 1928-29. These photos were also published in the Sindh Volumes later.Sir John Marshall employed a body of from 1,000 to 1,200 laborers at Mohenjo Daro. Mostly they were living in thatched huts; fixed around the archaeological site. According to Bheru Mal Meharchand Advani’s (1875-1950) book Qadeem Sindh published in 1944, a majority of laborers at Mohenjo Daro were Brahuis who mostly came from the Kalat region of Balochistan to earn their bread in Sindh. As there was shortage of labor, these tribesmen were employed as workers in the excavations.
A jungle had always been present around Mohenjo Daro. At first this jungle was paid attention; the workers uprooted vegetation, grass, brush wood, trees and plants.
Most of the laborers used to wear turbans, shawls, dhoti, and shoes to protect them from severe cold. Some of the poor employees worked barefoot from morning to evening. The archaeological officers and staff wore British/ Indian attire with coats, hats and shoes. The supervisors oversaw the ongoing excavation work regularly. They carried sometimes a large stick on which they stood for several hours. Some of the workers were fond of the hubble-bubble, a hookah.
Some of the laborers included women who cleaned broken antiques or potsherds in tubs filled with water. This water was taken out from ancient wells which were situated around the Buddhist Stupa and Monastery in SD Area. Sometimes these women carried their children and walked through the excavated areas to entertain them. Some women belonged to Brahui tribes whose men were mostly employed in excavation work. Dogs followed their masters during excavation work. Some of the laborers even brought bird cages with them during excavation work.
A number of hardworking donkeys carried earth from HR Area and emptied soil bags outside the excavated areas. These donkeys were driven by male and female laborers. The women were clad in colorful Saris. It seems that these women laborers were brought from Tharparkar, the desert of Sindh.
Some Medical First Aid Boxes were placed near the excavation work to treat minor scrapes, cuts, snake/insect bites and other injuries.
The excavation work was carried out with spades, shovels, buckets, baskets, wheelbarrows, brushes, measuring tapes and other tools. Zambeli was a large rubber bucket which was used in trenches. It removed the soil from the site. The workers carried a Zambeli on their heads.
There were many Chaukidars’ Huts in Mohenjo Daro where Chaukidars performed their duties. Such huts were built in SD, HR and other areas. Tents were fixed for ASI Officers and supervisors. The officials worked on wooden tables and chairs for drawing plans and maps. Terracotta water vessels, glasses and flowerpots were placed over tables. Sometimes ASI Officers and supervisors also took umbrellas over their heads to protect from the sun. Excavation work photographs were taken with inverted camera.
Water Carts were used to provide drinking water for laborers working in the ruins during excavations. These iron carts were drawn by bullocks.
The laborers used to carry a Zambeli on their heads in straight lines from one place to another. These roads were decorated with bricks fixed from both sides.
Broken bricks were collected and placed in large piles in different excavated areas.
The removal of dirt/soil was done through large mining trolleys which were driven on small railroads by the workers. These were emptied in debris outside the excavated area of Mohenjo Daro. Such Trolleys are shown in old photos taken in the Stupa and DK areas between 1926-27.
Mohenjo Daro I Pakistan Sindh Tour EP. 10 | Mysterious Indus Valley Civilization I Larkana Sindh I
Mohenjo Daro I Mysterious Indus Valley Civilization I Rediscovering the Magic of A Historical Wonder.

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