An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1/3) 📚 By John Locke. FULL Audiobook

Описание: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. By John Locke. Full Audiobook
John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a comprehensive philosophical work that explores the origin, nature, and limits of human knowledge. The book is divided into four parts, each of which builds on the previous one to provide a detailed theory of knowledge.

In the first part, "Of Innate Ideas," Locke argues against the Cartesian view of knowledge, which holds that human beings are born with certain ideas already in their mind. He then constructs his own theory of the origins of knowledge, which he believes comes from experience.

The second part, "Of Ideas," lays out Locke's theory of ideas. He argues that everything in our mind is an idea, and that all ideas take one of two routes to arrive in our mind: either they come in through the senses, or else they come in through the mind's reflection on its own operation. He also classifies our ideas into two basic types, simple and complex, and then further classifies these basic types into more specific subcategories.

The third part, "Of Words," turns from philosophy of mind to philosophy of language. According to the theory of meaning that Locke presents, words do not refer to things in the external world but to the ideas in our heads. Locke, relying heavily on his theory of ideas, attempts to give an account of how we form general terms from a world of particular objects, which leads him into a lengthy discussion of the ontology of types.

The fourth and final part, "Of Knowledge and Probability," is concerned with the limits of human knowledge. Locke argues that we can never know the true nature of things, only their properties, and that we can never know the necessary connections between things. He also discusses the nature of probability and the role it plays in our understanding of the world.

Overall, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a seminal work in the history of philosophy that has had a profound impact on subsequent thinkers. It is a must-read for anyone interested in epistemology, the philosophy of mind, or the philosophy of language..
More: John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Philosophy
Innate Ideas, Simple Ideas, Complex Ideas
Mixed Modes, Identity and Diversity, Cause and Effect
Space, Time, Infinity
Perception, Retention, Discerning
Power

00:00:00 Dedication
00:05:41 Epistle To The Reader
00:34:28 Book I. Neither Principles Nor Ideas Are Innate
00:35:02 I. Introduction
00:45:59 II. No Innate Speculative Principles
01:28:40 III. No Innate Practical Principles
02:16:55 IV. Other Considerations Concerning Innate Principles, Both Speculative And Practical
03:02:07 Book II. Of Ideas. I. Of Ideas In General, And Their Original
03:37:47 II. Of Simple Ideas
03:42:33 III. Of Simple Ideas Of Sense
03:46:02 IV. Idea Of Solidity
03:56:42 V. Of Simple Ideas Of Divers Senses
03:57:17 VI. Of Simple Ideas Of Reflection
03:58:26 VII. Of Simple Ideas Of Both Sensation And Reflection
04:07:53 VIII. Some Further Considerations Concerning Our Simple Ideas Of Sensation
04:34:58 IX. Of Perception
04:50:40 X. Of Retention
05:04:32 XI. Of Discerning, And Other Operations Of The Mind
05:22:55 XII. Of Complex Ideas
05:30:54 XIII. Complex Ideas Of Simple Modes: And First, Of The Simple Modes Of The Idea Of Space
06:06:17 XIV. Idea Of Duration And Its Simple Modes
06:43:36 XV. Ideas Of Duration And Expansion, Considered Together
07:02:44 XVI. Idea Of Number
07:13:46 XVII. Of Infinity
07:48:48 XVIII. Other Simple Modes
07:55:44 XIX. Of The Modes Of Thinking
08:01:45 XX. Of Modes Of Pleasure And Pain
08:11:36 XXI. Of Power
10:16:33 XXII. Of Mixed Modes
10:33:42 XXIII. Of Our Complex Ideas Of Substances
11:29:29 XXIV. Of Collective Ideas Of Substances
11:32:42 XXV. Of Relation
11:45:33 XXVI. Of Cause And Effect, And Other Relations