PROCEDURE TURNS/BASE TURNS/RACETRACK

Описание: PROCEDURE TURN
A procedure turn is the maneuver prescribed when it is necessary to reverse direction to establish the aircraft inbound on an intermediate or final approach course. The procedure turn or hold-in-lieu-of-PT is a required maneuver when it is depicted on the approach chart, unless cleared by ATC for a straight-in approach. Additionally, the procedure turn or hold-in-lieu-of-PT is not permitted when the symbol “No PT” is depicted on the initial segment being used, when a RADAR VECTOR to the final approach course is provided, or when conducting a timed approach from a holding fix. The altitude prescribed for the procedure turn is a minimum altitude until the aircraft is established on the inbound course. The maneuver must be completed within the distance specified in the profile view. For a hold-in-lieu-of-PT, the holding pattern direction must be flown as depicted and the specified leg length/timing must not be exceeded.

*The pilot may elect to use the procedure turn or hold-in-lieu-of-PT when it is not required by the procedure, but must first receive an amended clearance from ATC. If the pilot is uncertain whether the ATC clearance intends for a procedure turn to be conducted or to allow for a straight-in approach, the pilot must immediately request clarification from ATC.

BASE TURN
A turn executed by the aircraft during the initial approach between the end of the outbound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final approach track.


A Procedure Turn is one you make when you fly a published procedure.
A Base Turn is one you make generally when told to by ATC when under Radar Control. ATC will usually tell you turn onto a heading which will put you in a good position to intercept the inbound course or when they haven't yet cleared you for a Visual Approach for whatever reason they want


RACETRACK

The term racetrack procedure refers to procedures used where “sufficient distance is not available in a straight segment to accommodate the required loss of altitude and when entry into a reversal procedure is not practical. Racetrack procedures may also be specified as an alternative to reversal procedures to increase operational flexibility.” (PANS-OPS Volume II, Part 1, Section 4, Paragraph 3.4.1).

This is very similar to how a “hold-in-lieu of” procedure turn is used in the U.S. “The racetrack procedure has the same shape as a holding pattern but with different operating speeds and outbound timing. The inbound track normally becomes the intermediate or final segment of the procedure.” (PANS-OPS Volume II, Part 1, Section 4, Paragraph 3.4.2). See Figure 1 for the general design of a racetrack procedure.