Compiler lexical analyzer overview

Описание: The lexical analyzer, also known as a scanner or lexer, is the first phase of the compilation process. Its job is to break down the source code into smaller, manageable pieces called tokens.

What does the Lexer do?
Reads the source code character by character.
Converts the source code into a stream of tokens, which represent:
Keywords (e.g., if, while)
Identifiers (e.g., variable names)
Operators (e.g., +, -)
Constants (e.g., numbers)
And more...

These tokens are then passed to the parser, which further processes them to create the syntax tree. The lexer helps simplify the code and prepares it for deeper analysis in the compilation process.