Endotracheal Tube Intubation in Newborn

Описание: 👉Endotracheal intubation is a medical procedure in which an endotracheal tube is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea to maintain a patent airway and provide oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

👉Purpose / Indications
Maintain airway patency
Provide oxygen and ventilation
Prevent aspiration

👉Used in:
Respiratory failure
Cardiac arrest
General anesthesia
Neonatal & pediatric resuscitation
ICU and emergency settings

👉Equipment Required
Endotracheal tube (appropriate size)
Laryngoscope with blade
Stylet
Bag-valve-mask (Ambu bag)
Oxygen source
Suction apparatus
Syringe (to inflate cuff)
Stethoscope
Capnography (if available)
Adhesive tape / tube holder

👉Procedure
Positioning: Patient in sniffing position (neutral in newborns).
Pre-oxygenation with 100% oxygen.
Laryngoscopy: Vocal cords visualized using laryngoscope.

👉Insertion: ET tube passed through vocal cords into trachea.

👉Confirmation:
Bilateral chest rise
Equal air entry on auscultation
End-tidal CO₂ detection
Fixation: Tube secured at correct depth.
Ventilation: Connect to Ambu bag or ventilator.

👉ET Tube Size (General Guide)
Newborn: 2.5–3.5 mm
Infant: 3.5–4.0 mm
Child: (Age/4) + 4
Adult:
Male: 7.5–8.5 mm
Female: 7.0–8.0 mm

👉Complications
Esophageal intubation
Hypoxia
Trauma to teeth or airway
Laryngospasm
Tube displacement or blockage
Infection
Care After Intubation
Regular suctioning
Check tube position frequently
Humidified oxygen
Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation
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