Why Some People Tan & Others Burn | धूप में कुछ लोग काले क्यों पड़ते हैं और कुछ लाल? Melanin Types

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Melanin: Our skin color depends on a pigment called melanin, produced by special cells called melanocytes. When sunlight hits your skin (especially UV rays), it stimulates melanocytes to make more melanin to protect you. Now, there are two main types of melanin:

Eumelanin → Brown to black pigment (very protective)
Pheomelanin → Red to yellow pigment (less protective)

People Who Turn “Black” (Tan)
They have more eumelanin in their skin.
When exposed to sunlight, eumelanin absorbs UV rays and darkens — this creates a brown or black tan.
Result: Skin becomes darker — tanning
Purpose: Protection from UV damage
Such people (common in tropical countries like India) are naturally protected from sunburn.

People Who Turn “Red” (Sunburn)
They have less melanin or more pheomelanin.
When UV rays hit their skin — instead of tanning, their skin gets inflamed and damaged.
The redness comes from increased blood flow due to inflammation basically, your body is trying to repair damaged skin cells.

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